STM image of the (2×2)-reconstructed ZrB2 (0001) surface[1]
Names
IUPAC name
Zirconium diboride
Other names
ZrB2
Identifiers
CAS Number
12045-64-6Y
ECHA InfoCard
100.031.772
PubChem CID
15787711
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID5065223
InChI
InChI=1S/B2.Zr/c1-2;
Key: NXBOAJHBGIROOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Properties
Chemical formula
ZrB2
Molar mass
112.85 g/mol
Appearance
grey-black powder
Density
6.085 g/cm3
Melting point
~3246 °C
Solubility in water
Insoluble
Structure
Crystal structure
Hexagonal, hP3
Space group
P6/mmm, No. 191
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Uninvestigated
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound
Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) is a highly covalent refractory ceramic material with a hexagonal crystal structure. ZrB2 is an ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) with a melting point of 3246 °C. This along with its relatively low density of ~6.09 g/cm3 (measured density may be higher due to hafnium impurities) and good high temperature strength makes it a candidate for high temperature aerospace applications such as hypersonic flight or rocket propulsion systems. It is an unusual ceramic, having relatively high thermal and electrical conductivities, properties it shares with isostructural titanium diboride and hafnium diboride.
ZrB2 parts are usually hot pressed (pressure applied to the heated powder) and then machined to shape. Sintering of ZrB2 is hindered by the material's covalent nature and presence of surface oxides which increase grain coarsening before densification during sintering. Pressureless sintering of ZrB2 is possible with sintering additives such as boron carbide and carbon which react with the surface oxides to increase the driving force for sintering but mechanical properties are degraded compared to hot pressed ZrB2.[2]
Additions of ~30 vol% SiC to ZrB2 is often added to ZrB2 to improve oxidation resistance through SiC creating a protective oxide layer - similar to aluminium's protective alumina layer.[3]
ZrB2 is used in ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites (UHTCMCs).[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Carbon fiber reinforced zirconium diboride composites show high toughness while silicon carbide fiber reinforced zirconium diboride composites are brittle and show a catastrophic failure.
^Zhang, S. C; Hilmas, G. E; Fahrenholtz, W. G (2006). "Pressureless Densification of Zirconium Diboride with Boron Carbide Additions". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 89 (5): 1544–50. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00949.x.
^Fahrenholtz, William G (2007). "Thermodynamic Analysis of ZrB2–SiC Oxidation: Formation of a SiC-Depleted Region". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 90 (1): 143–8. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01329.x.
^Zoli, L.; Sciti, D. (2017). "Efficacy of a ZrB 2 –SiC matrix in protecting C fibres from oxidation in novel UHTCMC materials". Materials & Design. 113: 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.104.
^Zoli, L.; Vinci, A.; Silvestroni, L.; Sciti, D.; Reece, M.; Grasso, S. (2017). "Rapid spark plasma sintering to produce dense UHTCs reinforced with undamaged carbon fibres". Materials & Design. 130: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.029.
^Sciti, D.; Zoli, L.; Silvestroni, L.; Cecere, A.; Martino, G.D. Di; Savino, R. (2016). "Design, fabrication and high velocity oxy-fuel torch tests of a C f -ZrB 2 - fiber nozzle to evaluate its potential in rocket motors". Materials & Design. 109: 709–717. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.090.
^Galizia, Pietro; Failla, Simone; Zoli, Luca; Sciti, Diletta (2018). "Tough salami-inspired C f /ZrB 2 UHTCMCs produced by electrophoretic deposition". Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 38 (2): 403–409. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.09.047.
^Vinci, Antonio; Zoli, Luca; Sciti, Diletta; Melandri, Cesare; Guicciardi, Stefano (2018). "Understanding the mechanical properties of novel UHTCMCs through random forest and regression tree analysis". Materials & Design. 145: 97–107. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.02.061.
^Zoli, L.; Medri, V.; Melandri, C.; Sciti, D. (2015). "Continuous SiC fibers-ZrB 2 composites". Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 35 (16): 4371–4376. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.08.008.
^Sciti, D.; Murri, A. Natali; Medri, V.; Zoli, L. (2015). "Continuous C fibre composites with a porous ZrB2 Matrix". Materials & Design. 85: 127–134. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.136.
^Sciti, D.; Pienti, L.; Murri, A. Natali; Landi, E.; Medri, V.; Zoli, L. (2014). "From random chopped to oriented continuous SiC fibers–ZrB2 composites". Materials & Design. 63: 464–470. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.06.037.
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