This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.
There are five vowel phonemes in Standard Russian. Vowels tend to merge when they are unstressed. The vowels /a/ and /o/ have the same unstressed allophones for a number of dialects and reduce to an unclear schwa /ə/. Unstressed /e/ may become more central and merge with /i/. Under some circumstances, /a/, /e/, /i/ and /o/ may all merge. The fifth vowel, /u/, may also be centralized but does not typically merge with any of the other vowels.
Other types of reduction are phonetic, such as that of the high vowels (/i/ and /u/), which become near-close. Thus, игра́ть ('to play') is pronounced [ɪˈɡratʲ], and мужчи́на ('man') is pronounced [mʊˈɕːinə].
and 24 Related for: Vowel reduction in Russian information
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowelreduction (and its absence) are distinguished...
transcription delimiters. In phonetics, vowelreduction is any of various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels as a result of changes in stress, sonority...
marginally or dialectically /ʑː/). Russian has vowelreductionin unstressed syllables. This feature also occurs in a minority of other Slavic languages...
"VowelReductioninRussian: A Unified Account of Standard, Dialectal, and 'Dissimilative' Patterns" (PDF), University of Rochester Working Papers in the...
is a case of vowelreduction. The most familiar example is probably Russian akanye (pronounced but not represented orthographically in the standard language)...
dialects of the Belarus. Northern Russian dialects Southern Russian dialects Old Novgorod dialect VowelreductioninRussian Sussex & Cubberley 2006, pp. 521–526...
Language of the Russian Village" (inRussian). Retrieved 2011-11-10. Crosswhite, Katherine Margaret (2000), "VowelReductioninRussian: A Unified Account...
occurred in Belarusian as seen in the word for "flax": Belarusian and Russian лён /ˈlʲon/. Modern Russian has extensive reduction of unstressed vowels, with...
are reduced to the same sound, usually [ə] (for details, see vowelreductioninRussian). In order to assign such an instance of [ə] to one of the phonemes...
pronunciation of a preceding consonant or a following vowel. Russian alphabet Listen to the Russian alphabet Problems playing this file? See media help...
contemporary Russian speakers these letters when unstressed are pronounced identically as /ə/. See also vowelreductioninRussian and akanye. In unstressed...
transcription delimiters. A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal...
the presence or the absence of vowelreduction (akanye and/or ikanye) and the pronunciation of Proto-Slavic *g, Russian is divided into two main dialectical...
primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region features both vowel harmony and vowelreduction. Uyghur vowels are by default short, but long vowels also...
noticeably different pronunciations for the vowels. Russian is written with a modern variant of the Cyrillic script. Russian spelling typically avoids arbitrary...
present in the Ingrian language: The vowel /ɨ/ is only present in some Russian loanwords, like rьbakka ("fisher"); this vowel has been replaced by /i/ in some...
discourage vowelsin hiatus or consonant clusters, and a consonant or vowel may be added to make pronunciation easier. Epenthesis may be represented in writing...
Alaskan Russian, known locally as Old Russian, is a dialect of Russian, influenced by Eskimo–Aleut languages, spoken by Alaskan Creoles. Today it is prevalent...
Russian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Russian language. With suitable extensions, it is used for languages of neighboring countries that are written...
failed in the aftermath of the 2007 education reform inRussia. There are eight vowels with limited allophony and reduction of unstressed vowels. Moksha...
the result of vowel raising. Uyghur has systematic vowelreduction (or vowel raising) as well as vowel harmony. Words usually agree invowel backness, but...
as [æ] in closed syllables так ('so') and [ɑ] in open syllables два ('two'). Speakers may also have difficulty with the Russianvowelreduction system...
trigger when the vowel stems from a historically long vowel or diphthong (i.e. /ɽei/ → */i/). So instead, vowel coalescence and vowelreduction are exhibited...
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