Distribution of the Ingrian language by 2007 (shown in blue).
Ingrian is a nearly extinct Finnic language of Russia. The spoken language remains unstandardised, and as such statements below are about the four known dialects of Ingrian (Ala-Laukaa, Hevaha, Soikkola and Ylä-Laukaa) and in particular the two extant dialects (Ala-Laukaa and Soikkola).
The written forms are, if possible, based on the written language (referred to as kirjakeeli, "book language") introduced by the Ingrian linguist Väinö Junus [fi] in the late 1930s. Following 1937's mass repressions in the Soviet Union, the written language was abolished and ever since, Ingrian does not have a (standardised) written language.
kivi ("stone"). The consonantal phonology of Ingrian varies greatly among dialects. For example, while Soikkola Ingrian misses the voiced-unvoiced distinction...
vowels: Ingrian vowels can be phonologically long and short. Furthermore, these vowels can combine into a total of 14 diphthongs. The Ingrian language...
IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Spanish language. Unless otherwise noted, statements...
/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other...
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts...
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Italian describes the sound system—the phonology and phonetics—of Standard Italian and its geographical...
language and Standard Finnish: The phonology of Ingrian Finnish is very much alike that of the neighbouring Ingrian and Votic languages. One process present...
If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help. The phonology of Japanese features a phonemic inventory of five vowels (/a, e, i, o...
transcription delimiters. This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of Standard Modern Greek. For phonological characteristics of other varieties, see varieties...
delimiters. This article deals with current phonology and phonetics and with historical developments of the phonology of the Tagalog language, including variants...
delimiters. While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, the contemporary spoken Arabic language is more properly described as...
delimiters. The phonology of Turkish deals with current phonology and phonetics, particularly of Istanbul Turkish. A notable feature of the phonology of Turkish...
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. This article deals with the phonology of the standard Ukrainian language. Stress is phonemic in Ukrainian. With...
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Catalan, a Romance language, has a certain degree of dialectal variation...
non-rhotic variety of English spoken by most native-born Australians. Phonologically, it is one of the most regionally homogeneous language varieties in...
The phonology of Portuguese varies among dialects, in extreme cases leading to some difficulties in intelligibility. This article on phonology focuses...
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Welsh is characterised by a number of sounds that do not occur in English...
French phonology is the sound system of French. This article discusses mainly the phonology of all the varieties of Standard French. Notable phonological features...
IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Estonian language. There are 9 vowels and 36 diphthongs...
The Ingrian language is a highly endangered language spoken in Ingria, Russia. Ingrian is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch, along with, among others...
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect...
delimiters. The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics...
India and co-official and national language of Pakistan respectively. Phonological differences between the two standards are minimal. Hindustani natively...
neighboring Ingrian, and some linguists, e.g. Arvo Laanest have claimed that it is actually rather a dialect of Ingrian. The vocabulary and phonology of the...
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of the Hungarian language is notable for its process of vowel harmony...
they pronounce only /l/ and the null initial. See the discussion on phonological shift below. Some linguists prefer to analyze /j/ and /w/ as part of...
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonology of Danish is similar to that of the other closely related Scandinavian...
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The phonological system of the Hawaiian language is based on documentation from those...
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