Age, people with dark skin, obesity, malabsorption, bariatric surgery, breastfed infants[1]
Diagnostic method
Measuring the concentration of calcifediol in the blood
Prevention
Sufficient sunlight exposure, dietary intake
Treatment
Supplements
Medication
Cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, calcifediol
Frequency
Severe deficiency (<30 nmol/L): Europe 13%, US 5.9%, Canada 7.4%. Deficiency (<50 nmol/L): Europe 40%, US 24%, Canada 37%[2]
Vitamin D deficiency or hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin D level that is below normal. It most commonly occurs in people when they have inadequate exposure to sunlight, particularly sunlight with adequate ultraviolet B rays (UVB).[1][2][3] Vitamin D deficiency can also be caused by inadequate nutritional intake of vitamin D; disorders that limit vitamin D absorption; and disorders that impair the conversion of vitamin D to active metabolites, including certain liver, kidney, and hereditary disorders.[4] Deficiency impairs bone mineralization, leading to bone-softening diseases, such as rickets in children. It can also worsen osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults, increasing the risk of bone fractures.[1][4] Muscle weakness is also a common symptom of vitamin D deficiency, further increasing the risk of fall and bone fractures in adults.[1] Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of schizophrenia.[5]
Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin under the exposure of UVB from sunlight. Oily fish, such as salmon, herring, and mackerel, are also sources of vitamin D, as are mushrooms. Milk is often fortified with vitamin D; sometimes bread, juices, and other dairy products are fortified with vitamin D.[1] Many multivitamins contain vitamin D in different amounts.[1]
^ abcdef"Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin D". ods.od.nih.gov. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
^ abAmrein K, Scherkl M, Hoffmann M, Neuwersch-Sommeregger S, Köstenberger M, Tmava Berisha A, et al. (20 January 2020). "Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 74 (11): 1498–1513. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0558-y. PMC 7091696. PMID 31959942.
^Holick MF, Chen TC (April 2008). "Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 87 (4): 1080S–6S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080S. PMID 18400738.
^ abVitamin D at Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Professional Edition
^Cite error: The named reference Chiang was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 29 Related for: Vitamin D deficiency information
VitaminDdeficiency or hypovitaminosis D is a vitaminD level that is below normal. It most commonly occurs in people when they have inadequate exposure...
vitamin D deficiency, which is defined as a blood 25(OH)D level below 12 ng/mL (30 nmol/liter), whereas vitaminD insufficiency is a blood 25(OH)D level of...
Vitamindeficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified as a primary deficiency...
Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin...
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues. It is common in poorer countries, especially among children...
Vitamin K deficiency results from insufficient dietary vitamin K1 or vitamin K2 or both. Symptoms include bruising, petechiae, and haematoma. Vitamin...
Vitamin E deficiency in humans is a very rare condition, occurring as a consequence of abnormalities in dietary fat absorption or metabolism rather than...
Cholecalciferol can be taken as an oral dietary supplement to prevent vitaminDdeficiency or as a medication to treat associated diseases, including rickets...
supplements. Only some archaea and bacteria can synthesize vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a widespread condition that is particularly prevalent...
to show vitamin D deficiency or sufficiency. Calcifediol is available as an oral medication in some countries to supplement vitaminD status. Calcifediol...
VitaminD toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D is the toxic state of an excess of vitaminD. The normal range for blood concentration in adults is 20 to 50...
folates) Vitamin B12 (cobalamins) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and ascorbates) VitaminD (calciferols) Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) Vitamin K (phylloquinones...
VitaminDdeficiency has become a worldwide health epidemic with clinical rates on the rise.[citation needed] In the years of 2011–12, it was estimated...
systemic levels of circulating mineral ions (for example, caused by vitaminDdeficiency or renal phosphate wasting) that result in decreased bone and tooth...
shortfall, deficiency can be the result of anti-vitamin drugs. There are also rare genetic defects that can trigger vitamin B6 deficiency-dependent epileptic...
rickets is a vitaminDdeficiency, although hereditary genetic forms also exist. This can result from eating a diet without enough vitaminD, dark skin...
increased risk—especially in the winter—of vitaminDdeficiency. As a consequence of vitaminDdeficiency, they are at a higher risk of developing rickets...
blood. Several named vitamindeficiency diseases may result from the lack of sufficient B vitamins. Deficiencies of other B vitamins result in symptoms...
As a supplement it is used to prevent and treat vitaminDdeficiency. This includes vitaminDdeficiency due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver...
parathyroid cancer. Secondary hyperparathyroidism typically occurs due to vitaminDdeficiency, chronic kidney disease, or other causes of low blood calcium. The...
fortification (example: vitaminD drops) Micronutrients serve an important role in bodily development and growth. Deficiencies of these micronutrients...
hypoparathyroidism. Other causes include other forms of hypoparathyroidism, vitaminDdeficiency, kidney failure, pancreatitis, calcium channel blocker overdose,...
(equivalent to 20 μg/dL) indicates moderate vitamin A deficiency, and less than 0.35 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) indicates severe vitamin A deficiency. Breast milk retinol...
Folate deficiency, also known as vitamin B9 deficiency, is a low level of folate and derivatives in the body. This may result in a type of anemia in which...
Copper deficiency can manifest in parallel with vitamin B12 and other nutritional deficiencies. The most common cause of copper deficiency is a remote...
iron, iodine, vitaminD and vitamin E. VitaminD is necessary for the maintenance and growth of bones in children. VitaminDdeficiency is a concern for...
also develop the disease. Female sex hormones, sunlight, smoking, vitaminDdeficiency, and certain infections are also believed to increase a person's...
migraine headaches in adults. Riboflavin deficiency is rare and is usually accompanied by deficiencies of other vitamins and nutrients. It may be prevented...
Global Information
