For the scientific journal, see Nutritional Neuroscience (journal).
Poor diet in early childhood affects the number of neurons in parts of the brain.[1]
Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.
Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle.[2]
Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body. The human brain is approximately 2% of the human body mass and uses 20–25% of the total energy expenditure.[3] Therefore, mechanisms involved in the transfer of energy from foods to neurons are likely to be fundamental to the control of brain function.[4] Insufficient intake of selected vitamins, or certain metabolic disorders, affect cognitive processes by disrupting the nutrient-dependent processes within the body that are associated with the management of energy in neurons, which can subsequently affect neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and cell survival.[4]
^Dauncey MJ (November 2009). "New insights into nutrition and cognitive neuroscience". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 68 (4): 408–15. doi:10.1017/S0029665109990188. PMID 19698201. S2CID 21999711.
^Fonseca-Azevedo K., Herculano-Houzel S.; Herculano-Houzel (2012). "Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (45): 18571–18576. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918571F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206390109. PMC 3494886. PMID 23090991.
^ abGómez-Pinilla, Fernando (2008). "Brain foods: The effects of nutrients on brain function". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 9 (7): 568–78. doi:10.1038/nrn2421. PMC 2805706. PMID 18568016.
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