"Eruption" redirects here. For other uses, see Eruption (disambiguation).
"Volcanic eruption" and "Volcanic eruptions" redirect here. For the short story, see Volcanic Eruption (manga). For the film company, see Volcanic Eruptions (film company).
Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption
Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may display an entire sequence of types all in one eruptive series.
There are three main types of volcanic eruption:
Magmatic eruptions are the most well-observed type of eruption. They involve the decompression of gas within magma that propels it forward.
Phreatic eruptions are driven by the superheating of steam due to the close proximity of magma. This type exhibits no magmatic release, instead causing the granulation of existing rock.
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are driven by the direct interaction of magma and water, as opposed to phreatic eruptions, where no fresh magma reaches the surface.
Within these broad eruptive types are several subtypes. The weakest are Hawaiian and submarine, then Strombolian, followed by Vulcanian and Surtseyan. The stronger eruptive types are Pelean eruptions, followed by Plinian eruptions; the strongest eruptions are called Ultra-Plinian. Subglacial and phreatic eruptions are defined by their eruptive mechanism, and vary in strength. An important measure of eruptive strength is the Volcanic Explosivity Index an order-of-magnitude scale, ranging from 0 to 8, that often correlates to eruptive types
and 26 Related for: Types of volcanic eruptions information
eruption is a typeofvolcaniceruption with relatively mild blasts, typically having a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 1 or 2. Strombolian eruptions consist...
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcaniceruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water. They differ from exclusively magmatic eruptions and phreatic...
In a volcaniceruption, lava, volcanic bombs, ash, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent and fissure. While many eruptions only pose dangers...
Plinian eruptions or Vesuvian eruptions are volcaniceruptions marked by their similarity to the eruptionof Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed the...
Mount Bulusan – Philippines, 2022 Typesofvolcaniceruptions – Overview of different typesofvolcaniceruptions Phreatic – Term used in several scientific...
various kinds of pyroclastic flows. They are named after Mount Pelée. Plinian eruptions are the most violent of all volcaniceruptions. They are characterized...
Of the many eruptionsof Mount Vesuvius, a major stratovolcano in Southern Italy, the best-known is its eruption in 79 AD, which was one of the deadliest...
explosive eruption is a volcaniceruptionof the most violent type. A notable example is the 1980 eruptionof Mount St. Helens. Such eruptions result when...
how mantle plumes may work. Hawaiian eruptions are considered less dangerous than other typesofvolcaniceruptions because they produce little ash and...
that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index. This means the volume of deposits for such...
effusive eruption is a typeofvolcaniceruption in which lava steadily flows out of a volcano onto the ground. There are two major groupings oferuptions: effusive...
erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions, and sometimes of great depth. During certain typesof explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma...
A Vulcanian eruption is a typeofvolcaniceruption characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater and rising high above the...
crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Typesofvolcanic cones...
linked to volcaniceruptions. Lake Monoun Lake Nyos Due to the largely invisible nature of the underlying cause (CO2 gas) behind limnic eruptions, it is...
agriculture), buildings and structures. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcaniceruptions and phreatomagmatic eruptions, and may also be formed during...
This is an incomplete list ofvolcaniceruptions in Iceland. Please see External links below for databases of Icelandic eruptions which include over 530 events...
subaerial eruptiontypes, including Plinian, Peléan and Hawaiian eruptions. Subaerial eruptions contrast with subaqueous, submarine and subglacial eruptions which...
Luigi Palmieri who observed the eruptionsof 1858, 1861, 1868, and 1872 from the Vesuvius Observatory. These eruptions often included lightning activity...
lateral eruption or lateral blast is a volcaniceruption which is directed laterally from a volcano rather than upwards from the summit. Lateral eruptions are...
the present day. Eruptionsof New Fuji exhibit phenomena such as lava flows, magma, scoria, volcanic ash, collapses and side eruptions, leading it to be...
ofvolcaniceruptions have been identified, differing in duration, intensity, lava effusion rate, and whether the eruption occurs within a volcanic pit...
The Minoan eruption was a catastrophic volcaniceruption that devastated the Aegean island of Thera (also called Santorini) circa 1600 BCE. It destroyed...
Portman, David A. (1 June 1989). "Major VolcanicEruptions and Climate: A Critical Evaluation" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 2 (6): 566–593. Bibcode:1989JCli...
summit eruptions. Flank eruptions may also trigger the collapse of the volcanic edifice, causing lateral eruptions (such as the 1980 eruptionof Mount...
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