Volcano that has erupted 1000 cubic km of lava in a single eruption
For other uses, see Supervolcano (disambiguation).
World map of known VEI 7 and VEI 8 volcanoes
VEI 8 (supervolcanoes)
VEI 7
A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8,[1] the largest recorded value on the index. This means the volume of deposits for such an eruption is greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles).[2]
Location of Yellowstone hotspot over time. Numbers indicate millions of years before the present.Satellite image of Lake Toba, the site of a VEI 8 eruption c. 75,000 years agoCross-section through Long Valley Caldera
Supervolcanoes occur when magma in the mantle rises into the crust but is unable to break through it. Pressure builds in a large and growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure and ruptures. This can occur at hotspots (for example, Yellowstone Caldera) or at subduction zones (for example, Toba).[3][4]
Large-volume supervolcanic eruptions are also often associated with large igneous provinces, which can cover huge areas with lava and volcanic ash. These can cause long-lasting climate change (such as the triggering of a small ice age) and threaten species with extinction. The Oruanui eruption of New Zealand's Taupō Volcano (about 26,500 years ago) was the world's most recent VEI-8 eruption.[5]
^"Questions About Supervolcanoes". Volcanic Hazards Program. USGS Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. 21 August 2015. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^Wotzlaw, Jörn-Frederik; Bindeman, Ilya N.; Watts, Kathryn E.; Schmitt, Axel K.; Caricchi, Luca; Schaltegger, Urs (September 2014). "Linking rapid magma reservoir assembly and eruption trigger mechanisms at evolved Yellowstone-type supervolcanoes". Geology. 42 (9): 807–810. Bibcode:2014Geo....42..807W. doi:10.1130/g35979.1. ISSN 1943-2682.
^Budd, David A.; Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Jolis, Ester M.; Smith, Victoria C.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Harris, Chris; Freda, Carmela; Hilton, David R.; Halldórsson, Sæmundur A.; Bindeman, Ilya N. (25 January 2017). "Magma reservoir dynamics at Toba caldera, Indonesia, recorded by oxygen isotope zoning in quartz". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 40624. Bibcode:2017NatSR...740624B. doi:10.1038/srep40624. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5264179. PMID 28120860.
^Wilson, C. J. N. (2001). "The 26.5ka Oruanui eruption, New Zealand: An introduction and overview". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 112 (1–4): 133–174. Bibcode:2001JVGR..112..133W. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00239-6.
A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index. This means...
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natural lake in North Sumatra, Indonesia, occupying the caldera of a supervolcano. The lake is located in the middle of the northern part of the island...
Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent's...
Phlegraean Fields red zone Non-scientific media have described the area as a supervolcano but it does not meet the criterion set by vulcanologists: an eruption...
sustaining the high population densities of Java and Bali. A massive supervolcano erupted at present-day Lake Toba around 70,000 BCE. It is believed to...
measure more than 4 feet (1.2 meters) across and weigh several tons. A supervolcano is a volcano that has experienced one or more eruptions that produced...
series of activity. The Blake River Megacaldera Complex is considered a supervolcano due to its great size and its multiple dikes and vents. The Misema Caldera...
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period, but their numbers were greatly diminished when the Ilopango supervolcano eruption caused a massive exodus. Centuries later the area's occupants...
Award, and the Emmy-nominated BBC / Discovery Channel co-production Supervolcano. He also portrays, Dr. Tom, a leading character in the 2009 CBC Television...
List of largest volcanic eruptions (VEI-7–8, mostly within 500 Mya) Supervolcano – Volcano that has erupted 1000 cubic km of lava in a single eruption...
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Samosir Regency. The lake and island were formed after the eruption of a supervolcano some 75,000 years ago. The island was originally a peninsula connected...
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the Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields). Campi Flegrei is considered a supervolcano. The islands of Procida, Capri and Ischia can all be reached from Naples...
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