Type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild explosive intensity
A diagram of a strombolian eruption: 1: ash plume, 2: lapilli, 3: volcanic ash fall, 4: lava fountain, 5: volcanic bomb, 6: lava flow, 7: layers of lava and ash, 8: stratum, 9: dike, 10: magma conduit, 11: magma chamber, 12: sill
In volcanology, a Strombolian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild blasts, typically having a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 1 or 2.[1] Strombolian eruptions consist of ejection of incandescent cinders, lapilli, and volcanic bombs, to altitudes of tens to a few hundreds of metres. The eruptions are small to medium in volume, with sporadic violence. This type of eruption is named for the Italian volcano Stromboli.
The tephra typically glows red when leaving the vent, but its surface cools and assumes a dark to black colour and may significantly solidify before impact. The tephra accumulates in the vicinity of the vent, forming a cinder cone. Cinder is the most common product; the amount of volcanic ash is typically rather minor.
The lava flows are more viscous, and therefore shorter and thicker, than the corresponding Hawaiian eruptions; it may or may not be accompanied by production of pyroclastic rock.
Instead the gas coalesces into bubbles, called gas slugs, that grow large enough to rise through the magma column, bursting near the top due to the decrease in pressure and throwing magma into the air. Each episode thus releases volcanic gases, sometimes as frequently as a few minutes apart. Gas slugs can form as deep as 3 kilometers, making them difficult to predict.[2][3]
A typical eruption of Stromboli
Strombolian eruptive activity can be very long-lasting because the conduit system is not strongly affected by the eruptive activity, so that the eruptive system can repeatedly reset itself.
Monogenetic cones usually erupt in the Strombolian style. For example, the Parícutin volcano erupted continuously between 1943–1952, Mount Erebus, Antarctica has produced Strombolian eruptions for at least many decades, and Stromboli itself has been producing Strombolian eruptions for over two thousand years. The Romans referred to Stromboli as the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean".
^Newhall, Christopher G.; Self, Stephen (20 February 1982). "The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): An Estimate of Explosive Magnitude for Historical Volcanism". Journal of Geophysical Research. 87 (C2): 1232. Bibcode:1982JGR....87.1231N. doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231.
^Burton, Mike; Allard, Patrick; Muré, Filippo; Spina, Alessandro La (13 July 2007). "Magmatic Gas Composition Reveals the Source Depth of Slug-Driven Strombolian Explosive Activity". Science. 317 (5835): 227–230. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..227B. doi:10.1126/science.1141900. PMID 17626881. S2CID 23123305.
^Clarke, Hamish (13 July 2007). "Volcanoes belch 'slugs' from deep underground". Cosmos online. Archived from the original on 2007-07-17. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
and 25 Related for: Strombolian eruption information
Strombolianeruption is a type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild blasts, typically having a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 1 or 2. Strombolian...
submarine, then Strombolian, followed by Vulcanian and Surtseyan. The stronger eruptive types are Pelean eruptions, followed by Plinian eruptions; the strongest...
Kluchevskaya Sopka saw renewed eruption activity beginning in 2019. On 25 October 2019, the volcano had another weak Strombolianeruption which ended some 30 hours...
observed and rumbling sounds from the eruptions could be heard. The eruption type was classified as a Strombolianeruption. On January 23, Mayon spewed 300...
volcanic eruption on the island since the eruption of Teneguía in 1971. At 85 days, it is the longest known and the most damaging volcanic eruption on La...
erupting frequently since then. Much of its activity is Strombolian, but occasionally Plinian eruptions also occur, sometimes showering the area of the nearby...
involved the deposition of fine-grained, well-bedded volcanic ash. A Strombolian-style scoria fall deposit and phreatomagmatic ash similar to that of...
flank eruption started involving lava flows and strombolianeruptions. This was the first flank eruption since 2008–09. On 3 December 2015, an eruption occurred...
recorded another Strombolianeruption (VEI 2) from its central vent. No lava or tephra volumes were recorded, however. A similar eruption occurred in June...
free dictionary. A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground...
moderate eruptions of incandescent volcanic bombs, a type of tephra, at intervals ranging from minutes to hours. This pattern of Strombolianeruption, as it...
widespread on Mount Takahe, while pyroclastic rocks such as deposits of Strombolianeruptions, lapilli tuffs and lahar deposits are less common. Occurrences of...
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcanic eruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water. They differ from exclusively magmatic eruptions and phreatic...
another phreatomagmatic eruption from Mount Tabaro, followed by another similar eruption on August 16, 1967. The Strombolianeruptions, which started five...
waves. The tephra is dispersed over a wider area than that from Strombolianeruptions. The pyroclastic rock and the base surge deposits form an ash volcanic...
away as North Australia, one of which, in 1880, damaged a lighthouse. Strombolian activity began on 20 May 1883, and steam venting began to occur regularly...
A limnic eruption, also known as a lake overturn, is a very rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from...
certain volcanoes, the agitation of which is a driving factor in Strombolianeruptions. They start out as small bubbles of gas inside of volcanic magma...
Plinian eruptions or Vesuvian eruptions are volcanic eruptions marked by their similarity to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed...
alternated with almost continuous Strombolianeruptions since then. Hot gases, rocks, and lava were released in an eruption in April 2008. Scientists monitoring...
is a list of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4 or higher, and smaller eruptions that resulted in fatalities...
with a Strombolianeruption, producing lava flows and ash plumes as high as 5 km. One day prior to the collapse, on 21 December, an eruption was observed...
explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type. A notable example is the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Such eruptions result when...
phases: initial explosive stage fire fountains bursts of Strombolianeruption effusion of lava Eruption activity was at a maximum in the first hour, and by...
fragmental ejecta (lapilli, blocks, and bombs), for instance in Strombolianeruptions that form steep-sided scoria cones, also called cinder cones. Scoria's...
Global Information
