"Vulcanian" redirects here. For the species in Star Trek, see Vulcan (Star Trek). For other uses, see Vulcan (disambiguation).
Vulcanian eruption: 1 ash plume, 2 lapilli, 3 lava fountain, 4 volcanic ash fall, 5 volcanic bomb, 6 lava flow, 7 layers of lava and ash, 8 stratum, 9 sill, 10 magma conduit, 11 magma chamber, 12 dike
A Vulcanian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater and rising high above the peak. They usually commence with phreatomagmatic eruptions which can be extremely noisy due to the rising magma heating water in the ground. This is usually followed by the explosive clearing of the vent and the eruption column is dirty grey to black as old weathered rocks are blasted out of the vent. As the vent clears, further ash clouds become grey-white and creamy in colour, with convolutions of the ash similar to those of Plinian eruptions.
The term Vulcanian was first used by Giuseppe Mercalli, witnessing the 1888–1890 eruptions on the island of Vulcano. His description of the eruption style is now used all over the world. Mercalli described Vulcanian eruptions as "...Explosions like cannon fire at irregular intervals..." Their explosive nature is due to increased silica content of the magma. Almost all types of magma can be involved, but magma with about 55% or more silica (e.g. basaltic andesite) is most common. Increasing silica levels increase the viscosity of the magma which means increased explosiveness.
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A Vulcanianeruption is a type of volcanic eruption characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater and rising high above the...
followed by Vulcanian and Surtseyan. The stronger eruptive types are Pelean eruptions, followed by Plinian eruptions; the strongest eruptions are called...
the flanks of the volcano. Fountain collapse of an eruption column associated with a Vulcanianeruption (e.g., Montserrat's Soufrière Hills volcano has generated...
the subsequent days after, including an interpreted Vulcanianeruption on 17 January. That eruption was caused by magma interacting with groundwater. The...
June 1949, with the VEI 2 eruption exploding from the central vent. Another sub-plinian VEI 3 explosive vulcanianeruption occurred from Cerro Negro's...
Plinian eruptions or Vesuvian eruptions are volcanic eruptions marked by their similarity to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed...
free dictionary. A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground...
eruption. A new eruptive phase was observed starting in June 2018; and on 15 October 2018, Anak Krakatau had a strong Strombolian to weak Vulcanian eruption...
irregular intervals..." As a result, vulcanianeruptions are based on his description. A typical vulcanianeruption can hurl blocks of solid material several...
A limnic eruption, also known as a lake overturn, is a very rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from...
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcanic eruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water. They differ from exclusively magmatic eruptions and phreatic...
eruption is a type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild blasts, typically having a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 1 or 2. Strombolian eruptions consist...
mixed in the magma. Vulcanianeruptions have bursts of explosions, while Plinian eruptions are ongoing stable explosive eruptions. changes in magma composition...
effusive eruption is a type of volcanic eruption in which lava steadily flows out of a volcano onto the ground. There are two major groupings of eruptions: effusive...
1000 earthquakes were detected at the volcanic mountain. A single vulcanianeruption occurred at Asama volcano at 11:02 UT on 1 September 2004. Incandescent...
"Novarupta". Britannica. Isgett, Samantha J. Conduit and Eruption Dynamics of the 1912 Vulcanian Explosions at Novarupta, Alaska (PDF) (Thesis). University...
A Surtseyan eruption is an explosive style of volcanic eruption that takes place in shallow seas or lakes when rapidly rising and fragmenting hot magma...
effusive phase that rebuilds the central dome. Vulcanianeruptions are named after Vulcano. Peléan eruptions are more violent still, being characterized...
A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it...
three days of on-and-off eruptions with anomalies and a short ash plume, possibly indicating Strombolian and weak Vulcanian activity. An explosion from...
only historic eruption began around 8:30 AM[clarification needed] on August 1, 1952, from the El Boquerón vent. In a severe Vulcanianeruption of magnitude...
lateral eruption or lateral blast is a volcanic eruption which is directed laterally from a volcano rather than upwards from the summit. Lateral eruptions are...
volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982. Volume of products, eruption cloud...
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