Molecular geometry with one atom at the apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base
Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
Examples
NH3
Point group
C3v
Coordination number
3
Bond angle(s)
90°<θ<109.5°
μ (Polarity)
>0
In chemistry, a trigonal pyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base, resembling a tetrahedron (not to be confused with the tetrahedral geometry). When all three atoms at the corners are identical, the molecule belongs to point group C3v. Some molecules and ions with trigonal pyramidal geometry are the pnictogen hydrides (XH3), xenon trioxide (XeO3), the chlorate ion, ClO− 3, and the sulfite ion, SO2− 3. In organic chemistry, molecules which have a trigonal pyramidal geometry are sometimes described as sp3 hybridized. The AXE method for VSEPR theory states that the classification is AX3E1.
Phosphine, an example of a molecule with a trigonal pyramidal geometry.
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