double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
1791
21673
Ensembl
ENSG00000107447
ENSMUSG00000025014
UniProt
P04053
P09838
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_001017520 NM_004088
NM_001043228 NM_009345
RefSeq (protein)
NP_001017520 NP_004079
NP_001036693 NP_033371
Location (UCSC)
Chr 10: 96.3 – 96.34 Mb
Chr 19: 41.02 – 41.05 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), also known as DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) or terminal transferase, is a specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells. TdT adds N-nucleotides to the V, D, and J exons of the TCR and BCR genes during antibody gene recombination, enabling the phenomenon of junctional diversity. In humans, terminal transferase is encoded by the DNTT gene.[5][6] As a member of the X family of DNA polymerase enzymes, it works in conjunction with polymerase λ and polymerase μ, both of which belong to the same X family of polymerase enzymes. The diversity introduced by TdT has played an important role in the evolution of the vertebrate immune system, significantly increasing the variety of antigen receptors that a cell is equipped with to fight pathogens. Studies using TdT knockout mice have found drastic reductions (10-fold) in T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity compared with that of normal, or wild-type, systems. The greater diversity of TCRs that an organism is equipped with leads to greater resistance to infection.[7][8] Although TdT was one of the first DNA polymerases identified in mammals in 1960,[9] it remains one of the least understood of all DNA polymerases.[7] In 2016–18, TdT was discovered to demonstrate in trans template dependant behaviour in addition to its more broadly known template independent behaviour[10][11]
TdT is absent in fetal liver HSCs, significantly impairing junctional diversity in B-cells during the fetal period.[12]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107447 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025014 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Isobe M, Huebner K, Erikson J, Peterson RC, Bollum FJ, Chang LM, Croce CM (September 1985). "Chromosome localization of the gene for human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase to region 10q23-q25". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (17): 5836–40. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.5836I. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.17.5836. PMC 390648. PMID 3862101.
^Yang-Feng TL, Landau NR, Baltimore D, Francke U (1986). "The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene is located on human chromosome 10 (10q23----q24) and on mouse chromosome 19". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 43 (3–4): 121–6. doi:10.1159/000132309. PMID 3467897.
^ abMotea EA, Berdis AJ (May 2010). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: the story of a misguided DNA polymerase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1804 (5): 1151–66. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.06.030. PMC 2846215. PMID 19596089.
^Bollum FJ (August 1960). "Calf thymus polymerase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 235 (8): 2399–403. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64634-4. PMID 13802334.
^Gouge J, Rosario S, Romain F, Poitevin F, Béguin P, Delarue M (April 2015). "Structural basis for a novel mechanism of DNA bridging and alignment in eukaryotic DSB DNA repair". The EMBO Journal. 34 (8): 1126–42. doi:10.15252/embj.201489643. PMC 4406656. PMID 25762590.
^Loc'h J, Delarue M (December 2018). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase: the story of an untemplated DNA polymerase capable of DNA bridging and templated synthesis across strands" (PDF). Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 53: 22–31. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.019. PMID 29656238. S2CID 4882661.
^Hardy R (2008). "Chapter 7: B Lymphocyte Development and Biology". In Paul W (ed.). Fundamental Immunology (Book) (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 237–269. ISBN 978-0-7817-6519-0.
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Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT), also known as DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) or terminaltransferase, is a specialized DNA polymerase...
in physics Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, an American anti-ballistic missile defence system Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase, a specialized...
Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase also known to have template independent and template dependent...
such as Pol σ (sigma), Pol λ (lambda), Pol μ (mu), and Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT). Family X polymerases are found mainly in vertebrates...
free dictionary. Tunel or Tünel may refer to: TUNEL assay (Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay), in genetics, a method...
Dillon Thomas Banda (fl. 1957–1962), Nyasaland politician Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase, a specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immune cells...
palindromic, 'P' nucleotides. Subsequent to this, the enzyme, terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT), adds further random 'N' nucleotides. The newly synthesised...
cytometry. In the malignant lymphoblasts of ALL, expression of terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) on the cell surface can help differentiate malignant...
have explored the possibility of enzymatic synthesis using terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT), a DNA polymerase that requires no template. However...
activity and mechanism of action of cordycepin against terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase-positive (TdT+) leukemic cells". Biochemical Pharmacology...
complement of the mRNA. Following cDNA synthesis, the enzyme terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) is used to add a string of identical nucleotides,...
described the DNA fragmentation assay based on the use of the terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TUNEL) which become one of the standard methods to detect...
of bovine thymosin beta 4: a thymic hormone that induces terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase activity in thymocyte populations". Proceedings of the National...
they have a reduced geometric constraint for substrates. Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) has been used previously to synthesize strands of...
the double-strand break. Pol μ is also closely related to terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT), a specialized DNA polymerase that adds random nucleotides...
Krause JR, Brody JP, Kaplan SS, Penchansky L (June 1986). "Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase activity in acute leukemia: a study of 100 cases comparing...
magnesium-containing buffers). Nucleotides are added at the open ends by terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT). This occurs until there are complementary sequences...
processing, X family DNA polymerases (Pol μ and Pol λ) and terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) for DNA synthesis, and the XLF/XRCC4/LigIV complex...
together with various colleagues, DNA-Polymerases, especially terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT), and RNA-Polymerases as diagnostic and prognostic...
(depending on the modification of SeSaM applied) catalyzed by terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT). This step is the key step to introduce the characteristic...
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