NMR structure of a β-thymosin. Both thymosin α1[1] and β-thymosins are intrinsically unstructured proteins, i.e. they lack a stable fold when free in aqueous solution. This structure, mostly alpha helix, was artificially stabilised by an organic solvent.[2] The thymosin illustrated, originally named β9 is the cow orthologue of human β10
Beta thymosins are a family of proteins which have in common a sequence of about 40 amino acids similar to the small protein thymosin β4. They are found almost exclusively in multicellular animals. Thymosin β4 was originally obtained from the thymus in company with several other small proteins which although named collectively "thymosins" are now known to be structurally and genetically unrelated and present in many different animal tissues.
^Grottesi A, Sette M, Palamara T, Rotilio G, Garaci E, Paci M (1998). "The conformation of peptide thymosin alpha 1 in solution and in a membrane-like environment by circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy. A possible model for its interaction with the lymphocyte membrane". Peptides. 19 (10): 1731–8. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(98)00132-6. PMID 9880079. S2CID 39655090.
^PDB: 1HJ0; Stoll R, Voelter W, Holak TA (May 1997). "Conformation of thymosin beta 9 in water/fluoroalcohol solution determined by NMR spectroscopy". Biopolymers. 41 (6): 623–34. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(199705)41:6<623::AID-BIP3>3.0.CO;2-S. PMID 9108730. The thymosin is β9, bovine orthologue of human β10. Stabilised by organic solvent, the structure was determined by NMR. (Free β-thymosins lack a stable fold in solution)
Betathymosins are a family of proteins which have in common a sequence of about 40 amino acids similar to the small protein thymosin β4. They are found...
Thymosins are small proteins present in many animal tissues. They are named thymosins because they were originally isolated from the thymus, but most...
over-the-counter hCG diet products and declared them fraudulent and illegal. Beta-hCG is initially secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast.[citation needed] Human...
raise blood sugar to normal levels. Beta cells 60% of the cells present in islet of Langerhans are beta cells. Beta cells secrete insulin. Along with glucagon...
polypeptide receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins (GPCRs) found on beta-cells in the pancreas. It has traditionally been named gastrointestinal inhibitory...
pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of the immune system. NGF is initially in a 7S, 130-kDa complex of 3 proteins – Alpha-NGF, Beta-NGF, and Gamma-NGF...
42 [ T B P A ] ) [ F T 4 ] α T [ T S H ] {\displaystyle {\hat {G}}_{T}={{\beta _{T}(D_{T}+[TSH])(1+K_{41}[TBG]+K_{42}[TBPA])[FT_{4}]} \over {\alpha _{T}[TSH]}}}...
glycoprotein. Each monomeric unit is a glycoprotein molecule; one alpha and one beta subunit make the full, functional protein. Its structure is similar to that...
Improvement in arterial blood flow has been demonstrated in coronary arteries. 17-beta-estradiol (E2) is considered the most potent estrogen found in humans. E2...
or very similar beta subunits. Inhibin is also a dimer wherein the first component is a beta subunit similar or identical to the beta subunit in activin...
1-methyl ester) is an artificial sweetener. Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and Anserine (beta-alanyl-N-methyl histidine) are highly concentrated in...
peptide of 37 amino acids, called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), beta type. The following are the amino acid sequences of salmon and human calcitonin:[citation...
dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals, including humans, and some single-celled...
activation of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor by the hormone norepinephrine. Norepinephrine increases the concentration of intracellular cAMP via beta-adrenergic...
polypeptide (proIAPP, proamylin, proislet protein) is produced in the pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) as a 67 amino acid, 7404 Dalton pro-peptide and undergoes...
Global Information