Tachykinin peptides are one of the largest families of neuropeptides, found from amphibians to mammals. They were so named due to their ability to rapidly induce contraction of gut tissue.[2] The tachykinin family is characterized by a common C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is either an Aromatic or an Aliphatic amino acid. The genes that produce tachykinins encode precursor proteins called preprotachykinins, which are chopped apart into smaller peptides by posttranslational proteolytic processing. The genes also code for multiple splice forms that are made up of different sets of peptides.
Tachykinins[3][4][5] excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. Tachykinins are from ten to twelve residues long.
The two human tachykinin genes are called TAC1 and TAC3 for historical reasons, and are equivalent to Tac1 and Tac2 of the mouse, respectively. TAC1 encodes neurokinin A (formerly known as substance K), neuropeptide K (which has also been called neurokinin K[6]), neuropeptide gamma, and Substance P.[7] Alpha, beta, and gamma splice forms are produced; the alpha form lacks exon 6 and the gamma form lacks exon 4. All three splice forms of TAC1 produce substance P, but only the beta and gamma forms produce the other three peptides. Neuropeptide K and neuropeptide gamma are N-terminally longer versions of neurokinin A that appear to be final peptide products in some tissues.[2]
TAC3 encodes neurokinin B.[8]
The best known tachykinin is Substance P.
^Grace RC, Lynn AM, Cowsik SM (February 2001). "Lipid induced conformation of the tachykinin peptide Kassinin". J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 18 (4): 611–21, 623–5. doi:10.1080/07391102.2001.10506693. PMID 11245256. S2CID 42266413.
^ abCarter MS, Krause JE (July 1990). "Structure, expression, and some regulatory mechanisms of the rat preprotachykinin gene encoding substance P, neurokinin A, neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide gamma". J. Neurosci. 10 (7): 2203–14. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-07-02203.1990. PMC 6570392. PMID 1695945.
^Helke CJ, Krause JE, Mantyh PW, Couture R, Bannon MJ (1990). "Diversity in mammalian tachykinin peptidergic neurons: multiple peptides, receptors, and regulatory mechanisms". FASEB J. 4 (6): 1606–15. doi:10.1096/fasebj.4.6.1969374. PMID 1969374. S2CID 25935155.
^Avanov AIa (1992). "Tachykinins and conformational aspects of their interactions with receptors". Mol. Biol. (Mosk). 26 (1): 5–24. PMID 1324401.
^Dornan WA, Vink KL, Malen P, Short K, Struthers W, Barrett C (August 1993). "Site-specific effects of intracerebral injections of three neurokinins (neurokinin A, neurokinin K, and neurokinin gamma) on the expression of male rat sexual behavior". Physiol. Behav. 54 (2): 249–58. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90107-Q. PMID 7690487. S2CID 33412235.
^Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): TAC1 - 162320
^Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): TAC3 - 162330
and 27 Related for: Tachykinin peptides information
Tachykininpeptides are one of the largest families of neuropeptides, found from amphibians to mammals. They were so named due to their ability to rapidly...
Biologically Active Peptides, some groups of peptides include plant peptides, bacterial/antibiotic peptides, fungal peptides, invertebrate peptides, amphibian/skin...
region varies between different tachykinins. The term tachykinin originates in the rapid onset of action caused by the peptides in smooth muscles. Substance...
Neurokinin B (NKB) belongs in the family of tachykininpeptides. Neurokinin B is implicated in a variety of human functions and pathways such as the secretion...
doi:10.1136/ard.62.suppl_2.ii17. PMC 1766745. PMID 14532141. "Pfam entry Tachykinin". Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-01-25. Tamm...
challenges in the study of the mammalian Tachykinins", Peptides, 26 (8): 1356–1368, doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.03.030, PMID 16042976, S2CID 23094292...
(qPSKDAFIGLM-NH2) where pGlu and q stand for pyroglutamic acid. Like all tachykininpeptides, Eledoisin shares the same consensus C-terminal sequence, that is...
modified into tachykininpeptides. Via alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, preprotachykinins produce multiple peptide neurotransmitters...
(DVPKSDQFVGLM-NH2). In frog skin, tachykinins are responsible for ion transportation. Kassinin is one of the tachykininpeptides, which interacts with NK2 receptor...
Tachykinin receptor 3, also known as TACR3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TACR3 gene. This gene belongs to a family of genes that function...
an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) and a type of neuropeptide, belonging to the tachykinin family of neuropeptides...
There are three known mammalian tachykinin receptors termed NK1, NK2 and NK3. All are members of the 7 transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor family...
(formally known as substance K) is a member of the tachykinin family of neuropeptide neurotransmitters. Tachykinins are important contributors to nociceptive processing...
Physalaemin is a tachykininpeptide obtained from the Physalaemus frog, closely related to substance P. Its structure was first elucidated in 1964. Like...
family of neurotransmitter-encoding genes. Tachykinin proteins are cleaved into small, secreted peptides that activate members of a family of receptor...
This gene belongs to a family of genes that function as receptors for tachykinins. Receptor affinities are specified by variations in the 5'-end of the...
for carcinoid syndrome. The tumor typically produces serotonin, Tachykininpeptides and other substances, which cause flushing, tachycardia, diarrhea...
peptides. Monoamines are synthesized by altering a single amino acid. For example, the precursor of serotonin is the amino acid tryptophan. Peptide transmitters...
Tachykinin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAC3 gene. Neurokinin B Tachykinin receptor 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166863 –...
bioactive peptides. These became the subjects of numerous studies in other laboratories in Europe and North America. In 1979, he focused on opioid peptides specific...
in captivity. It is the source of "kassinin", a frequently studied tachykininpeptide. Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Kassina Girard, 1853". Amphibian Species...
FMRFamide sequence. Moreover, these peptides are not functionally redundant. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are known to affect heart rate...
(1993). "Spasmolytic polypeptide is a major antral peptide: distribution of the trefoil peptides human spasmolytic polypeptide and pS2 in the stomach"...
Signaling peptide receptor is a type of receptor which binds one or more signaling peptides or signaling proteins. An example is the tropomyosin receptor...
bind N-formyl peptides such as N-formylmethionine produced by the degradation of either bacterial or host cells. Hence formyl peptide receptors are involved...
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