Surugatoxin (SGTX) is a type of venom found in the mid-gut digestive gland of the Japanese ivory mollusk Babyloniajaponica, a carnivorous gastropod.[1] It functions as a ganglionic blocker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).[1] The structurally and functionally related neosurugatoxin, also derived from Babylonia japonica, is an even more potent nAChR antagonist than SGTX.[2]
SGTX is a colorless crystalline substance with the chemical formula C25H26BrN5O13 and a molecular weight of 684.4g/mol. Its systematic chemical name is [(2R,3S,5S,6S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl] (6aS,7R,8R,9R)-6'-bromo-6a,9-dihydroxy-9-methyl-1,2',3,10-tetraoxo-spiro[4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-f]pteridine-8,3'-indoline]-7-carboxylate.[3] It is insoluble in organic solvents and has very low solubility in water.[4]
The ganglionic blockade of nAChRs by SGTX is similar to that of IS-toxin, a structurally similar compound derived from the same mollusk, Babylonia japonica.[1][5]
^ abcHayashi E, Yamada S (February 1975). "Pharmacological studies on surugatoxin, the toxic principle from Japanese ivory mollusc (Babylonia japonica)". British Journal of Pharmacology. 53 (2): 207–215. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07350.x. PMC 1666298. PMID 238699.
^Fusetani N, Kem W (2009). "Marine toxins: an overview". Marine Toxins as Research Tools. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology. Vol. 46. pp. 1–44. Bibcode:2009mtrt.book....1F. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-87895-7_1. ISBN 978-3-540-87892-6. PMID 19184583.
^"Surugatoxin". ChemSpider. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
^Hirayama H, Sugihara K, Tsuyama S, Wakigawa K, Okuma H (August 1974). "A ganglion blocking action of toxic substances, IS-toxin and surugatoxin, from the Japanese ivory shell, Babylonia japonica". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 24 (4): 559–574. doi:10.1254/jjp.24.559. PMID 4156375.
^Hirayama H, Gogi K, Urakawa N, Ikeda M (June 1970). "A ganglion-blocking action of the toxin isolated from Japanese ivory shell (Babylonia japonica)". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 20 (2): 311–312. doi:10.1254/jjp.20.311. PMID 4393951.
Surugatoxin (SGTX) is a type of venom found in the mid-gut digestive gland of the Japanese ivory mollusk Babylonia japonica, a carnivorous gastropod....
is known to bioaccumulate toxins under certain conditions, namely the surugatoxin family, which causes blockage of autonomic ganglia, and tetrodotoxin...
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