Global InformationIvermectin information
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| Pronunciation | /ˌaɪvərˈmɛktɪn/, EYE-vər-MEK-tin |
| Trade names | Stromectol, Soolantra, Sklice, others |
| Other names | MK-933 |
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| MedlinePlus | a607069 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, topical |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | not determined |
| Protein binding | 93% |
| Metabolism | Liver (CYP450) |
| Elimination half-life | 18 hours |
| Excretion | Feces; <1% urine |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.067.738 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C 48H 74O 14 (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a) C 47H 72O 14 (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b) |
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  (what is this?) (verify) | |
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug.[6] After its discovery in 1975,[7] its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis.[8] Approved for human use in 1987,[9] it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis.[8][10][11][12] It works through many mechanisms to kill the targeted parasites,[10] and can be taken by mouth, or applied to the skin for external infestations.[10][13] It belongs to the avermectin family of medications.[10]
William Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for its discovery and applications.[14] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines,[15][16] and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an antiparasitic agent.[17] In 2021, it was the 341st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 100,000 prescriptions.[18] It is available as a generic medicine.[19][20]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation has been widely spread claiming that ivermectin is beneficial for treating and preventing COVID-19.[21][22] Such claims are not backed by credible scientific evidence.[23][24][25] Multiple major health organizations, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration,[26] the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,[27] the European Medicines Agency,[28] and the World Health Organization have stated that ivermectin is not authorized or approved to treat COVID-19.[24][29]
- ^ "Search Page – Drug and Health Product Register". October 23, 2014. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- ^ "Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2015 Highlights". Health Canada. May 4, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Stromectol FDA labelwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Soolantra FDA labelwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "List of nationally authorised medicinal products" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. November 26, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 28, 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Laingwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Campbell WC (May 2012). "History of avermectin and ivermectin, with notes on the history of other macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic agents". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 13 (6): 853–865. doi:10.2174/138920112800399095. PMID 22039784.
- ^ a b Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs: Small and Large Animal (4 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-323-24486-2. Archived from the original on January 31, 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Molyneux2015was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
AHFS2016was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Sneader W (2005). Drug Discovery a History. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-470-01552-0. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
- ^ "Ascariasis – Resources for Health Professionals". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). August 23, 2019. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- ^ Panahi Y, Poursaleh Z, Goldust M (2015). "The efficacy of topical and oral ivermectin in the treatment of human scabies" (PDF). Annals of Parasitology. 61 (1): 11–16. PMID 25911032. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 4, 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
nobel-2015was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
- ^ Ahmed S, Karim MM, Ross AG, Hossain MS, Clemens JD, Sumiya MK, et al. (February 2021). "A five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 103: 214–216. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.191. PMC 7709596. PMID 33278625.
- ^ "Ivermectin - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
- ^ "Ivermectin: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Ivermectin lotion: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- ^ Evershed N, McGowan M, Ball A. "Anatomy of a conspiracy theory: how misinformation travels on Facebook". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
- ^ "Fact-checking claim about the use of ivermectin to treat COVID-19". PolitiFact. Washington, DC. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
- ^ Popp M, Reis S, Schießer S, Hausinger RI, Stegemann M, Metzendorf MI, et al. (June 2022). "Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (6): CD015017. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015017.pub3. eISSN 1465-1858. PMC 9215332. PMID 35726131.
- ^ a b "EMA advises against use of ivermectin for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outside randomised clinical trials". European Medicines Agency. March 22, 2021. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ^ Garegnani LI, Madrid E, Meza N (April 2021). "Misleading clinical evidence and systematic reviews on ivermectin for COVID-19". BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 27 (3): 156–158. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111678. PMID 33888547.
- ^ "Why You Should Not Use Ivermectin to Treat or Prevent COVID-19". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). December 10, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
- ^ "Rapid Increase in Ivermectin Prescriptions and Reports of Severe Illness Associated with Use of Products Containing Ivermectin to Prevent or Treat COVID-19" (PDF). CDC Health Alert Network. CDCHAN-00449. August 26, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
- ^ "EMA advises against use of ivermectin for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outside randomised clinical trials". European Medicines Agency. March 22, 2021. Archived from the original on January 17, 2022. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
- ^ "WHO advises that ivermectin only be used to treat COVID-19 within clinical trials". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2022.