Schneider 2 cells, usually abbreviated as S2 cells, are one of the most commonly used Drosophila melanogaster cell lines. S2 cells were derived from a primary culture of late stage (20–24 hours old) Drosophila melanogaster embryos by Dr. Imogene Schneider,[1] likely from a macrophage-like lineage.
S2 cells can be grown at room temperature both as a semi-adherent monolayer or
in suspension, and they can be grown in the absence of serum.[2]
Several media have been developed for culturing insect cell lines with many of them suitable for culturing S2 cells. The S2 cells have been shown to grow up to 5.1×107 cells/ml in serum free medium[3] and above 107 cells/ml in basal media such as that used in Schneider's experiments.[4] ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies have shown a cell concentration of up 7.0x107 cell/ml.[5]
S2 cells are often used for expression of heterologous proteins and can be used for large-scale production of proteins. Additionally, the cells can be easily transiently transfected with several plasmids at once to study protein interactions.[6][7]
^Schneider I (1972). "Cell Lines Derived from Late Embryonic Stages of Drosophila melanogaster". J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 27: 363–365.
^Invitrogen (May 2, 2002). Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) Cells(PDF). Version F. Invitrogen. 28-0172. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
^Moraes, Ângela M.; Jorge, Soraia A. C.; Astray, Renato M.; Suazo, Claudio A. T.; Calderón Riquelme, Camilo E.; Augusto, Elisabeth F. P.; Tonso, Aldo; Pamboukian, Marilena M.; Piccoli, Rosane A. M. (2012-05-01). "Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells for expression of heterologous genes: From gene cloning to bioprocess development". Biotechnology Advances. 30 (3): 613–628. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.009. PMID 22079894.
^Dyring, Charlotte (2011). "Optimising the Drosophila S2 Expression System for Production of Therapeutic Vaccines". BioProcessing Journal. 10 (2): 28–35. doi:10.12665/j102.dyring.
^Fasbender, Frank; Claus, Maren; Wingert, Sabine; Sandusky, Mina; Watzl, Carsten (2017-07-07). "Differential Requirements for Src-Family Kinases in SYK or ZAP70-Mediated SLP-76 Phosphorylation in Lymphocytes". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 789. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00789. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 5500614. PMID 28736554.
^Yang, Jianying; Reth, Michael (2012). Drosophila S2 Schneider cells: a useful tool for rebuilding and redesigning approaches in synthetic biology. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 813. pp. 331–341. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-412-4_20. ISBN 978-1-61779-411-7. ISSN 1940-6029. PMID 22083752.
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