Chronological table of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Mongolia.[1]
The Sagsai culture (1500-1000 BCE) is an early Bronze Age culture of Western Mongolia. It was centered on the Sagsai area (the westernmost region of modern Mongolia) and succeeded the Chemurchek culture.[2]
The Sagsai culture is thought to have used horse chariots, prior to 1200 BCE, as shown by dated petroglyphs in the region. It was followed by the Deer stones culture.[3]
At the same time the Ulaanzuukh-Tevsh culture was prospering in the steppes of southern and eastern Mongolia in the 13th century BCE, and seems to have transmitted the horsedrawn chariot to the Chinese Shang Dynasty.[4]
Sagsai-shaped graves, Mongolia.
Sagsai-shaped graves, Mongolia.
Sagsai-shaped graves, Tsagaan Asga site (round).
Sagsai-shaped graves, Tsagaan Asga site (square).
^Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo (21 November 2020). "Ties between steppe and peninsula: Comparative perspective of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Мongolia and Кorea". Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences: 65–88. doi:10.5564/pmas.v60i4.1507. ISSN 2312-2994.
^Ventresca Miller, Alicia R.; Wilkin, Shevan; Hendy, Jessica; Turbat, Tsagaan; Batsukh, Dunburee; Bayarkhuu, Noost; Giscard, Pierre-Henri; Bemmann, Jan; Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav; Miller, Bryan K.; Clark, Julia; Roberts, Patrick; Boivin, Nicole (11 May 2022). "The spread of herds and horses into the Altai: How livestock and dairying drove social complexity in Mongolia". PLOS ONE. 17 (5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265775. hdl:10072/428871.
^Esin 2021, p. 1, Systematic analysis of rock art styles and burial traditions based on radiocarbon dates of burials and ritual deposits of bone enabled us to distinguish two periods of chariots’ usage here: 1)prior to ca. 1200 BCE, in the Sagsai culture; 2) after ca. 1200 BCE, with the DSK culture. (...) Our research suggests two primary periods for the use of chariots, prior to ca. 1200 BCE, in the Sagsai culture – the first period of the late Bronze Age (LBA-1)..
^Esin 2021, p. 11, In a broader historical and geographical context, the first period coincides with the chariot distribution all over the eastern part of the steppe zone, and with its appearance in the graves of aristocracy of the Shang state in the end of the 13th century BCE – there is unquestionable evidence for Wu Ding’s reign, ca. 1250–1192 BCE (Shaughnessy, 1988; Wu, 2013; Shelach-Lavi, 2014: 15). At the same time, their appearance just near the Shang’s borders is apparently connected with another cultural group of the late Bronze Age: the Ulaanzuukh-Tevsh that existed in the 13th century BCE in the steppes of eastern and southern Mongolia, as well as and Inner Mongolia (Rawson et al., 2020)..
The Sagsaiculture (1500-1000 BCE) is an early Bronze Age culture of Western Mongolia. It was centered on the Sagsai area (the westernmost region of modern...
Sagsai (Mongolian: Сагсай) is a sum (district) of Bayan-Ölgii Province in western Mongolia. It is primarily inhabited by ethnic Kazakhs (Altaic Kazakhs)...
Various cultures occupied the area during this period and contributed to monumental stone constructions, starting with the Afanasievo culture, and continuing...
Afanasievo culture and the Khemtseg culture. It was contemporary with the Andronovo culture, but its very existence suggests that the Androvo culture did not...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
and Wuhuan. According to the Book of the Later Han, “the language and culture of the Xianbei are the same as the Wuhuan”. The first significant contact...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
east went to Yami Qaghan (603-09) as a sort of Suu vassal. He admired Han culture and had the Han people build him a civilized house in the Ordos country...
ancestry from an East Asian source, closely related to the Slab Grave culture. The admixture between West and East Eurasian sources was estimated to...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Russian Republic, Russian SFSR, USSR and Tibet May, Timothy Michael (2008). Culture and customs of Mongolia. Greenwood Press. p. 22. Thomas E. Ewing, Revolution...
a higher degree of autonomy, and also retained their own language and culture during this period. The Khorchin Mongols allied with Nurhaci and the Jurchens...
consolidation of Turkic Muslim power in the region, since Turkic Muslim culture and identity was tolerated or even promoted by the Qing. In 1759, the Qing...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
To the west, the Pazyryk culture (6th-3rd century BC) immediately preceded the formation of the Xiongnus. A Scythian culture, it was identified by excavated...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Yenisei Kyrgyz correlated with the Čaatas culture [ru] and may perhaps be correlated to the Tashtyk culture. Their endonym was variously transcribed in...
Mongolica, Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West. Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern...
Noble Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1-2, Macmillan Lorge, Peter A. (2008), The Asian Military Revolution:...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
future.[citation needed] Shamanic practices continue in present-day Mongol culture. According to Mongol legend, two warriors named Kiyan (Khiyad) and Negus...
Mongolia during the Copper and Bronze Age Afanasevo culture (3500–2500 BC). The Slab Grave culture of the late Bronze and early Iron Age, related to the...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchek culture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsaiculture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Global Information
Sagsai-shaped graves, Mongolia.
Sagsai-shaped graves, Mongolia.
Sagsai-shaped graves, Tsagaan Asga site (round).
Sagsai-shaped graves, Tsagaan Asga site (square).
