Göktürks (First, Eastern,
and Second Turkic Khaganates)
555–630 682–744
Xueyantuo
628–646
Tang protectorate
647–682
Uyghur Khaganate
744–840
Liao dynasty
907–1125
Medieval period
Mongol khanates
9th–12th century
Khamag Mongol
1130–1206
Mongol Empire
1206–1368
Yuan dynasty
1271–1368
Northern Yuan
1368–1635
Oirat Confederation
1399–1634
Dzungar Khanate
1634–1757
Qing dynasty
1691–1911
Modern period
National Revolution
1911
Bogd Khaganate
1911–1919
Chinese occupation
1919–1921
People's Revolution (Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate)
1921 1921–1924
People's Republic
1924–1992
Democratic Revolution
1990
Modern Mongolia
1990–present
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The Northern Yuan (Chinese: 北元; pinyin: Běi Yuán) was a dynastic regime ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until its conquest by the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty in 1635. The Northern Yuan dynasty began with the retreat of the Yuan imperial court led by Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong of Yuan) to the Mongolian steppe. This period featured factional struggles and the often only nominal role of the Great Khan.
Dayan Khan and Mandukhai Khatun reunited most Mongol tribes in the late 15th century.[4] However, the former's distribution of his empire among his sons and relatives as fiefs caused the decentralization of the imperial rule.[5] Despite this decentralization, a remarkable concord continued within the Dayan Khanid aristocracy, and intra-Chinggisid civil war remained unknown until the reign of Ligdan Khan (1604–1634),[6] who saw much of his power weakened in his quarrels with the Mongol tribes and was defeated by the Later Jin dynasty. The last sixty years of this period featured the intensive penetration of Tibetan Buddhism into Mongol society.
^E. P. Bakaeva; K. V. Orlova (2003). "Монгольские этнонимы:вопросы происхождения и этнического состава Монгольских народов" [Mongolian ethnonyms: questions of the origin and ethnic composition of the Mongolian peoples] (PDF). Kalmyk Scientific Center. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
^William Elliott Butler. The Mongolian legal system, p. 3.
^Jack Weatherford-The Secret History of the Mongol Queens
^René Grousset-The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, p. 508
^C.P.Atwood – Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, see: Batumöngke Dayan Qaghan
The NorthernYuan (Chinese: 北元; pinyin: Běi Yuán) was a dynastic regime ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as...
of khagans of the NorthernYuan (1368–1635) based in Northern China and the Mongolian Plateau. Borjigin List of Yuan emperors Yuan dynasty family tree...
Ming dynasty. After the fall of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, the Mongols continued to rule the NorthernYuan in northern China and the Mongolian steppe. However...
dynasty Lifan Yuan during the Qing dynasty Yuan dynasty (元朝), a dynasty of China ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan NorthernYuan (北元), the Yuan dynasty's...
Heaven from the Yuan, thus considering the NorthernYuan as illegitimate. NorthernYuan rulers maintained the dynastic name "Great Yuan" and claimed traditional...
Wise, Chinese: 滿都海哈屯) (c. 1449 – 1510) was a Khatun (queen) of the NorthernYuan. With her second husband Batmunkh Dayan Khan, she helped reunite the...
conquered China proper, ending the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and forcing the remnant Yuan court (known as NorthernYuan in historiography) to retreat to the Mongolian...
is thereafter known as the NorthernYuan in historiography. In the early 1300s, the imperial court of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty was split between two...
in the late 15th century. . Khagans of the Mongols or NorthernYuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388): Toghon Temür (1368–1370) Biligtü...
Engke (Mongolian: Энх ᠡᠩᠬᠡ; Chinese: 恩克), (?–1394) was a khagan of the NorthernYuan dynasty, reigning for a brief period from 1391 to 1394. The identity...
(1407–1454), was a powerful Oirat taishi and the de facto ruler of the NorthernYuan dynasty between 12 September 1453 and 1454. He is best known for capturing...
contains list of wars involving different post-imperial Mongolian states (NorthernYuan Dynasty, Dzungar Khanate, Four Oirat) This section contains list of...
a princess or noble lady. Khaan (Khagan), the supreme ruler of the NorthernYuan Empire. Khan, a title for a Mongol feudal lord. By the mid-16th century...
Northern Thailand, with a smaller community of Lanna speakers in northwestern Laos. Speakers of this language generally consider the name "Tai Yuan"...
period. Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), when it was called Bianjing (汴京; Biànjīng). Karakorum in modern Mongolia was the capital of the NorthernYuan dynasty...
(Mongolian: Батмөнх; Chinese: 巴圖蒙克), (1472–1517) was a khagan of the NorthernYuan dynasty, reigning from 1480 to 1517. During his rule, he reunited the...
the northern border areas, the Ming dynasty decided to "pacify" the Jurchens in order to deal with its problems with Yuan remnants along its northern border...
was the capital of the Mongol Empire between 1235 and 1260 and of the NorthernYuan dynasty in the 14–15th centuries. Its ruins lie in the northwestern...
of Tai Tham script. The Northern Thai people or Tai Yuan (Thai: ไทยวน, [tʰaj˧ juan˧]), self-designation khon mu(e)ang (Northern Thai: ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, คนเมือง...
(Emperor Huizong of Yuan), the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty but members of the family continued to rule over northern China and the Mongolian...
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