Chemurchek culture and contemporary cultures and polities circa 2000 BCE.[1][2][3][4] Chemurchek statues have also been found on the northern slopes of the eastern Tian Shan.[5] : Location of the Chemurchek cemetery, near Altay City : Location of the Khukh uzuuriin dugui I - 1 statue.[6]
Genetic proximity of Chemurchek culture remains (), with ancient (color) and modern (grey) populations. Primary Component Analysis (detail).[8]
The Chemurchek culture (Ch:切木尔切克, Qièmùěrqièkè; Ru: Чемурчекская культура), also called Khemtseg, Hemtseg, Qiemu’erqieke, Shamirshak (2750-1900 BCE), is a Bronze Age archaeological culture of western Mongolia and the borders of neighbouring countries, such as the Dzungarian Basin of Xinjiang and eastern Kazakhstan.[7] It immediately follows the Afanasievo culture, and is contemporary with the early Tarim Mummies to the south and the Okunev culture to the north.[9] The Chemurchek burials are characterized by large rectangular stone fences, built around collective tombs. The mortuary position of the deceased (supine position with flexed legs) is similar to that of the Afanasievo culture, but the Chemurchek culture is considered as distinct. The name "Chemurchek culture" is derived from the Chemurchek cemetery[10] in Altay City of Chinese Xinjiang.[11] Chemurchek sites have been identified from western Mongolia to areas as far west as the Ili valley (Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture).[12]
^Zhang et al. 2021.
^Kovalev 2022, p. 769, Fig.1.
^Bobrov, Vladimir (January 2021). "Shigir idol: Origin of monumental sculpture and ideas about the ways of preservation of the representational tradition". Quaternary International. 573: Fig. 1. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.08.041.
^Chen, Kwang-tzuu; Hiebert, Fredrik T. (June 1995). "The Late Prehistory of Xinjiang in Relation to Its Neighbors". Journal of World Prehistory. 9 (2): 271. While this culture is known primarily from the excavations at Ke'ermuqi, many such burials are known in the Altai foothills, for example, in the counties of Habahe, Jimunai, and Bu'erqin (IAX, 1981a) and new excavations have been initiated in this region. The distribution of Ke'ermuqi type burials indicates that they are widespread along the foothills of the Zhunge'er Basin but are not found across the Tianshan Mountains. In western Zhunge'er, Ke'ermuqi type tombs have been identified at the site of A'erkate in the Yili Valley (Li Yuchun, 1962) and at the sites of Adongquelu and Aershate near Wenquan (Li, 1988). The Ke'ermuqi culture extended to the southern parts of the Zhunge'er Basin with burials found near Ulumuqi (Wang Mingzhe, 1984; IAX, 1985b, pi. 148) and near Mulei (Huang and Dai, 1986). Also, a Ke'ermuqi-style gray incised round-bottomed jar was found at Kan'erzi, in Qitai County (CCQ, 1982), in the region of the Yanbulake] eastern Xinjiang oasis cultures.
^Kovalev 2022, p. 771.
^Kovalev 2012, p. 124, statue 55.
^ abJeong et al. 2020.
^Zhang, Fan; Ning, Chao; Scott, Ashley (November 2021). "The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies". Nature. 599 (7884): 256–261. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..256Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8580821. PMID 34707286.
^Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo (21 November 2020). "Ties between steppe and peninsula: Comparative perspective of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Мongolia and Кorea". Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences: 65–88. doi:10.5564/pmas.v60i4.1507. ISSN 2312-2994.
belongs to the Afanasievo culture. It may indicate that during the earliest period of existence of the Chemurchekculture, its population in the Altai...
the style most similar to those of the Chemurchekculture have been identified. The language of the Chemurchek/Proto-Tokharians may have originated from...
westernmost region of modern Mongolia) and succeeded the Chemurchekculture. The Sagsai culture is thought to have used horse chariots, prior to 1200 BCE...
The Subeshi culture (1100–100 BCE, Ch: 苏贝希文化), also Subeishi or Subeixi culture, is an Iron Age culture from the area of Shanshan County, Turfan, Xinjiang...
their west, the Yanbulaq culture to their east, the aftermaths of the Chemurchekculture to the north, and a wide desertical area to south about a thousand...
starting with the Afanasievo culture, and continuing with the Okunev, Chemurchek, Munkhkhairkhan or Ulaanzuukh traditions. The deer stones themselves belong...
Afanasievo culture and the Khemtseg culture. It was contemporary with the Andronovo culture, but its very existence suggests that the Androvo culture did not...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
and Wuhuan. According to the Book of the Later Han, “the language and culture of the Xianbei are the same as the Wuhuan”. The first significant contact...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Shirenzigou culture area, between the Subeshi culture to their west, the Yanbulaq culture to their east, the aftermaths of the Chemurchekculture to the north...
Mongolica, Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West. Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
a higher degree of autonomy, and also retained their own language and culture during this period. The Khorchin Mongols allied with Nurhaci and the Jurchens...
Yenisei Kyrgyz correlated with the Čaatas culture [ru] and may perhaps be correlated to the Tashtyk culture. Their endonym was variously transcribed in...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
future.[citation needed] Shamanic practices continue in present-day Mongol culture. According to Mongol legend, two warriors named Kiyan (Khiyad) and Negus...
consolidation of Turkic Muslim power in the region, since Turkic Muslim culture and identity was tolerated or even promoted by the Qing. In 1759, the Qing...
east went to Yami Qaghan (603-09) as a sort of Suu vassal. He admired Han culture and had the Han people build him a civilized house in the Ordos country...
ancestry from an East Asian source, closely related to the Slab Grave culture. The admixture between West and East Eurasian sources was estimated to...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Russian Republic, Russian SFSR, USSR and Tibet May, Timothy Michael (2008). Culture and customs of Mongolia. Greenwood Press. p. 22. Thomas E. Ewing, Revolution...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Afanasievo culture 3300–2500 BC Chemurchekculture 2750–1900 BC Munkhkhairkhan culture 1800–1600 BC Sagsai culture 1500–1000 BC Ulaanzuukh culture 1450–1150...
Global Information
: Location of the Chemurchek cemetery, near Altay City
: Location of the Khukh uzuuriin dugui I - 1 statue.[6] 