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Mongolian Revolution of 1990
Part of the Revolutions of 1989
Hunger strikers near the Government Palace in Ulaanbaatar, 1990
Date
10 December 1989 – 9 March 1990 (2 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)
Location
Mongolia
Resulted in
Mongolia transitions to a multi-party system
Multi-party elections held in June 1990
End of Soviet influence in Mongolia
Dissolution of the Mongolian People's Republic with the adoption of a new constitution on 12 February 1992
Parties
Mongolian People's Republic
Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
Ministry of Public Security
Protesters
Lead figures
Jambyn Batmönkh
Dumaagiin Sodnom
Sanjaasürengiin Zorig
Erdeniin Bat-Üül
Davaadorjiin Ganbold
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar
History of Mongolia
Timeline
States
Rulers
Nobility
Culture
Politics
Geography
Language
Religion
Prehistoric period
Afanasievo culture
3300–2500 BC
Chemurchek culture
2750–1900 BC
Munkhkhairkhan culture
1800–1600 BC
Sagsai culture
1500–1000 BC
Ulaanzuukh culture
1450–1150 BC
Deer stones culture
1400–700 BC
Slab-grave culture
1100–300 BC
Chandman culture
700–300 BC
Pazyryk culture
600–300 BC
Ancient period
Xiongnu
209 BC–93 AD
Xianbei state
93–234
Rouran Khaganate
330–555
Göktürks (First, Eastern,
and Second Turkic Khaganates)
555–630 682–744
Xueyantuo
628–646
Tang protectorate
647–682
Uyghur Khaganate
744–840
Liao dynasty
907–1125
Medieval period
Mongol khanates
9th–12th century
Khamag Mongol
1130–1206
Mongol Empire
1206–1368
Yuan dynasty
1271–1368
Northern Yuan
1368–1635
Oirat Confederation
1399–1634
Dzungar Khanate
1634–1757
Qing dynasty
1691–1911
Modern period
National Revolution
1911
Bogd Khaganate
1911–1919
Chinese occupation
1919–1921
People's Revolution (Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate)
1921 1921–1924
People's Republic
1924–1992
Democratic Revolution
1990
Modern Mongolia
1990–present
v
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The Mongolian Revolution of 1990, known in Mongolia as the 1990 Democratic Revolution (Mongolian: 1990 оны ардчилсан хувьсгал, romanized: 1990 ony ardchilsan khuvisgal), was a peaceful democratic revolution which led to the country's transition to a multi-party system. It was inspired by the economic reforms of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and was one of the many revolutions of 1989. It was led mostly by young demonstrators who rallied at Sükhbaatar Square, in the capital city Ulaanbaatar. The main organisers of the demonstrations included Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, Erdeniin Bat-Üül, Davaadorjiin Ganbold, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar.
Although one-party rule in Mongolia officially ended with the adoption of a new constitution on February 12, 1992, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) remained in power until it was outvoted by the Democratic Union Coalition in the 1996 legislative election. However, the country had already begun transitioning to a market economy by 1991 with the creation of the stock market and the Government Privatization Committee.[1]
^Bilskie, Julia S.; Arnold, Hugh M. (January 1990). "An Examination of the Political and Economic Transition of Mongolia Since the Collapse of the Soviet Union". Journal of Third World Studies. 19 (2): 205–218. JSTOR 45194063.
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