Natural partial recreation of myelin sheaths in the brain
Remyelination is the process of propagating oligodendrocyte precursor cells to form oligodendrocytes to create new myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons in the Central nervous system (CNS). This is a process naturally regulated in the body and tends to be very efficient in a healthy CNS.[1]
The process creates a thinner myelin sheath than normal, but it helps to protect the axon from further damage, from overall degeneration, and proves to increase conductance once again. The processes underlying remyelination are under investigation in the hope of finding treatments for demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
As of 2022 the status of possible remyelination acceleration is of trials only,[2] with side effects of possible drugs one limiting issue.[3]
^Franklin, Robin J. M.; ffrench-Constant, Charles (November 2008). "Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 9 (11): 839–855. doi:10.1038/nrn2480. PMID 18931697.
^Brown, J. William L.; Prados, Ferran; Altmann, Daniel R.; Kanber, Baris; Stutters, Jonathan; Cunniffe, Nick G.; Jones, Joanne L.; Georgieva, Zoya G.; Needham, Edward J.; Daruwalla, Cyrus; Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia Gandini; Connick, Peter; Chandran, Siddharthan; Franklin, Robin; MacManus, David; Samson, Rebecca; Coles, Alasdair; Chard, Declan (October 2022). "Remyelination varies between and within lesions in multiple sclerosis following bexarotene". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 9 (10): 1626–1642. doi:10.1002/acn3.51662. PMC 9539389. PMID 36116011.
^Brown, J William L; Cunniffe, Nick G; Prados, Ferran; Kanber, Baris; Jones, Joanne L; Needham, Edward; Georgieva, Zoya; Rog, David; Pearson, Owen R; Overell, James; MacManus, David; Samson, Rebecca S; Stutters, Jonathan; ffrench-Constant, Charles; Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M; Moran, Carla; Flynn, Paul D; Michell, Andrew W; Franklin, Robin J M; Chandran, Siddharthan; Altmann, Daniel R; Chard, Declan T; Connick, Peter; Coles, Alasdair J (September 2021). "Safety and efficacy of bexarotene in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (CCMR One): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2a study". The Lancet Neurology. 20 (9): 709–720. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00179-4. hdl:20.500.11820/61820e46-7a36-403a-8fc2-c1e241e4facc. PMID 34418398.
Remyelination is the process of propagating oligodendrocyte precursor cells to form oligodendrocytes to create new myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons...
in regions of active remyelination and may play an important role in generating a local environment conducive to remyelination. N-cadherin agonists have...
morphological abnormalities, however, remyelination does restore normal conduction. In addition, spontaneous remyelination does not appear to be rare, at least...
support learning and memory via neural circuit plasticity as well as remyelination following injury. Successful myelination of axons increases action potential...
Schumacher M, Bernard S, Massaad C (March 2012). "Lithium enhances remyelination of peripheral nerves". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences...
scars rapidly form, and the glia actually produce factors that inhibit remyelination and axon repair; for instance, NOGO and NI-35. The axons themselves...
remyelination and myelin repair in conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS). Early phase II clinical trials showed promise for promoting remyelination...
University of Cambridge in 1992. Franklin is a pioneer in the biology of remyelination, an area where he has made many seminal contributions. These include...
Cerebroside synthesis can therefore give a measurement of myelin formation or remyelination. The sugar moiety is linked glycosidically to the C-1 hydroxyl group...
Granatov EV, Shakirzianova SR (2016). "[Effect of cerebrolysin on remyelination processes in multiple sclerosis patients in stage of relapse regression]"...
pathway of leukotrienes.[citation needed] Montelukast may affect nerve remyelination in combination with Pexidartinib and this may cause clinical benefits...
studies since 2001 have implanted Schwann cells in an attempt to induce remyelination in multiple sclerosis-afflicted patients. In the past two decades, many...
anti-inflammatory states, microglia have also been shown to be able to assist in remyelination & subsequent neuron repair. As such, microglia are thought to be participating...
Morell P (May 2001). "Cerebroside synthesis as a measure of the rate of remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination in brain". Journal of Neurochemistry...
increase the number of microtubules in the cell. Paclitaxel induces remyelination in a demyelinating mouse in vivo and inhibits human peptidylarginine...
treatment of multiple sclerosis through both immunomodulation and direct remyelination". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (16): 9082–9093...
(CNS). Julia Ruckh and fellow researchers have used parabiosis to study remyelination from adult stem cells to see if conjoining young with older mice could...
Whitman L, Lane TE (July 2010). "Cell replacement therapies to promote remyelination in a viral model of demyelination". Journal of Neuroimmunology. 224...
Cure to study the potential of subpopulations of stem cells to promote remyelination and phenotypic rescue in animal models of white matter disease, including...
PMC 6915812. PMID 31885862. Irvine, K. A.; Blakemore, W. F. (2008). "Remyelination protects axons from demyelination-associated axon degeneration". Brain...
precursor cells are also recruited to the site and may contribute to remyelination. The final component of gliosis is astrogliosis, the proliferation of...
macrophages is believed to be associated with multiple sclerosis, and this remyelination failure is particularly impaired in the elderly. Dowling RH (2000)....
demyelinating autoimmune disease. The hypothesis is that biotin may promote remyelination of the myelin sheath of nerve cells, slowing or even reversing neurodegeneration...
Santambrogio L, Lira SA, Raine CS (January 2009). "Neuroprotection and remyelination after autoimmune demyelination in mice that inducibly overexpress CXCL1"...
VW, Weiss S (February 2007). "White matter plasticity and enhanced remyelination in the maternal CNS". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (8): 1812–23....
(2020-07-09). "Macroglial diversity: white and grey areas and relevance to remyelination". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 78 (1): 143–171. doi:10...
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