A portacaval shunt, portocaval shunt, or portal-caval shunt is a treatment for portal hypertension. A connection (a shunt) is made between the portal vein, which supplies 75% of the liver's blood, and the inferior vena cava, the vein that drains blood from the lower two-thirds of the body. The most common causes of liver disease resulting in portal hypertension are Budd–Chiari syndrome or cirrhosis. Budd–Chiari syndrome should not be mistaken for cirrhosis.
Less common causes include diseases such as hemochromatosis, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and portal vein thrombosis.[citation needed]
Cirrhotic patients often develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE) following the procedure,[1] sometimes resulting in coma.[2] The high risk of developing HE may be a consequence of increased intestinal absorption of encephalopathogenic substances in combination with the reduced hepatic blood flow.[1]
A portacaval anastomosis is analogous in that it diverts circulation; as with shunts and anastomoses generally, the terms are often used to refer to either the naturally occurring forms or the surgically created forms.
^ abIwatsuki S (September 1974). "A case of hepatic encephalopathy after portacaval shunt". The Japanese Journal of Surgery. 4 (3): 183–188. doi:10.1007/bf02468624. PMID 4464374. S2CID 10001207.
^Sarfeh IJ, Rypins EB (April 1994). "Partial versus total portacaval shunt in alcoholic cirrhosis. Results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial". Annals of Surgery. 219 (4): 353–61. doi:10.1097/00000658-199404000-00005. PMC 1243151. PMID 8161260.
A portacavalshunt, portocaval shunt, or portal-caval shunt is a treatment for portal hypertension. A connection (a shunt) is made between the portal...
varices. Caput medusae can also result. A portacavalshunt is analogous in that it diverts circulation; as with shunts and anastomoses generally, the terms...
shunts may be used. Typical shunts used are the portacavalshunt, the peritoneovenous shunt, and the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)...
to decrease the absorption of nutrients and hence cholesterol, and portacavalshunt surgery, in which the portal vein is connected to the vena cava to...
cause, porphyria cutanea tarda, prolonged hemodialysis, and post-portacavalshunting Defects in iron metabolism, specifically involving the iron regulatory...
defined as "mature". An arteriovenous fistula can increase preload. AV shunts also decrease the afterload of the heart. This is because the blood bypasses...
manually remove the ascitic fluid, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). In cirrhosis, there is bacterial overgrowth in the intestinal tract...
(entero-enteric fistula) or intestine and skin (enterocutaneous fistula). Portacaval anastomosis, by contrast, is an anastomosis between a vein of the portal...
veins of the rectum. Typically this occurs due to portal hypertension which shunts venous blood from the portal system through the portosystemic anastomosis...
ammonia on brain serotonin metabolism in relation to function in the portacavalshunted rat". Journal of Neurochemistry. 55 (1): 222–9. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159...
often a stroke, and is found to have patent foramen ovale or right-to-left shunt, the speculative diagnosis of paradoxical embolism is given to the patient...
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or TIPS. Treatment with intravenous octreotide is also useful to shunt blood flow away from the stomach's circulation...
portosystemic shunt. Haskal ZJ, Scott M, Rubin RA, Cope C (April 1994). "Intestinal varices: treatment with the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt". Radiology...
iliac vein, thereby bypassing the liver. Dilation of this particular portacaval anastomosis results in what is referred to as caput medusae. Philips,...
As a radical treatment for portal hypertension, surgical creation of a portacaval fistula produces an anastomosis between the hepatic portal vein and the...
arteries of the pulmonary circulation, leading to a right-to-left blood shunt. They have no symptoms in up to 29% of all cases, however they can give...
cerebral injury and can be experienced by premature infants who have poor shunt closure. Hypotension, from Ancient Greek hypo-, meaning "under" or "less"...
the hands and feet there are a great number of glomera. Vascular shunt A vascular shunt can also bypass the capillary bed and provide a route for blood...
collateral circulation in the esophagus and stomach (a process called portacaval anastomosis). When the blood vessels in this circulation become enlarged...
or 3) inadequate blood supply to the bowels. In more severe instances, shunts or a liver transplant may be considered. If blood flow to the gastrointestinal...
including ligation of the thoracic duct, pleurovenous or pleuroperitoneal shunting or thoracic duct embolization. The initial treatment of a chylothorax is...
systems, and in the perforator veins, as well as being focused on shunt detection. A shunting of blood from the thigh veins back into the lower leg veins will...
high resistance to blood flow through the lungs, right-to-left cardiac shunting and severe hypoxemia. Pathogenesis in pulmonary hypertension due to left...
pressure, which may warrant surgical intervention such as the placement of a shunt. Nine in ten people with cerebral venous thrombosis have a headache; this...
Treatment varies between therapy and surgical intervention by the use of shunts. Portal vein thrombosis affects the hepatic portal vein, which can lead...
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