Liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, blockage of the hepatic vein[4]
Diagnostic method
Physical exam, ultrasound, CT scan[3]
Treatment
Low-salt diet, medications, draining the fluid[3]
Medication
Spironolactone, furosemide[3]
Frequency
>50% of people with cirrhosis[4]
Ascites (/əˈsaɪtiz/[5]; Greek: ἀσκός, romanized: askos, meaning "bag" or "sac"[6]) is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen.[1] Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur.[4] Symptoms may include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, and shortness of breath.[3] Complications can include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.[3]
In the developed world, the most common cause is liver cirrhosis.[4] Other causes include cancer, heart failure, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, and blockage of the hepatic vein.[4] In cirrhosis, the underlying mechanism involves high blood pressure in the portal system and dysfunction of blood vessels.[4] Diagnosis is typically based on an examination together with ultrasound or a CT scan.[3] Testing the fluid can help in determining the underlying cause.[3]
Treatment often involves a low-salt diet, medication such as diuretics, and draining the fluid.[3] A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) may be placed but is associated with complications.[3] Attempts to treat the underlying cause, such as by a liver transplant, may be considered.[4] Of those with cirrhosis, more than half develop ascites in the ten years following diagnosis.[4] Of those in this group who develop ascites, half will die within three years.[4]
^ ab"Ascites". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
^"Ascites | Definition of Ascites by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on October 25, 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
^ abcdefghijk"Ascites - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. May 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
^ abcdefghijPedersen, JS; Bendtsen, F; Møller, S (May 2015). "Management of cirrhotic ascites". Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 6 (3): 124–37. doi:10.1177/2040622315580069. PMC 4416972. PMID 25954497.
develop ascites in the ten years following diagnosis. Of those in this group who develop ascites, half will die within three years. The Latin ascites, originally...
Ehrlich-Lettre ascites carcinoma (EAC) is also known as Ehrlich cell. It was originally established as an ascites tumor in mice. The tumor was cultured...
indication is ascites that has developed in people with cirrhosis. It is used for a number of reasons: to relieve abdominal pressure from ascites to diagnose...
cells (mucinous adenocarcinoma) that produce abundant mucin or gelatinous ascites. The tumors cause fibrosis of tissues and impede digestion or organ function...
fluid in different parts of the body such as the legs (edema) and abdomen (ascites). Other signs of advancing disease include itchy skin, bruising easily...
treating cirrhosis. Chylous ascites heals best if the lymphatic vessel involved is closed. Heart failure can cause recurring ascites. Another disorder is called...
peritoneal fluid is called ascites. Sampling of peritoneal fluid is generally performed by paracentesis. The serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) is...
ruptured appendix or even a perforated gallbladder. Risk factors include ascites (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and peritoneal dialysis...
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a disorder that results in recurrent attacks of severe swelling. The swelling most commonly affects the arms, legs, face...
maneuver that can be used to detect the presence of ascites. It is useful for detecting small amounts of ascites—as small as 120 mL; shifting dullness and bulging...
the woman accumulates fluid in the third space, primarily in the form of ascites, she actually becomes hypovolemic and is at risk for respiratory, circulatory...
Perlman syndrome (PS), also known as nephroblastomatosis-fetal ascites-macrosomia-Wilms tumor syndrome, is a rare overgrowth syndrome caused by autosomal...
change in shape may be the result of ascites. In addition to change in shape being a possible side effect from ascites and umbilical hernias, the navel can...
In medicine, the fluid wave test or fluid thrill test is a test for ascites (free fluid in the peritoneal cavity). It is performed by having the patient...
depending on cause, with patients presenting with abdominal swelling due to ascites, vomiting of blood, and lab abnormalities such as elevated liver enzymes...
with the development of fluid in the abdomen (ascites). The spectrum continues with diuretic-resistant ascites, where the kidneys are unable to excrete sufficient...
distension. If the malignancy has not been diagnosed by the time it causes ascites, it is typically diagnosed shortly thereafter. Advanced cancers can also...
infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. It can also...
shifting dullness refers to a sign elicited on physical examination for ascites (fluid in the peritoneal cavity). The test is performed by first percussing...
intussusception. Subserosal EG (4.5% to 9% in Japan and 13% in the US) presents with ascites which is usually exudative in nature, abundant peripheral eosinophilia...
culture is usually preferred as the ascites technique is painful to the animal. Where alternate techniques exist, ascites is considered unethical. Several...
(pleural effusion), the pericardium (pericardial effusion) and the abdomen (ascites). Edema is usually seen in the fetal subcutaneous tissue, sometimes leading...
Although ultrasound is good at visualizing peritoneal collections and ascites, without ionising radiation, it does not provide a good overall assessment...
example, severe heart failure can cause pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, ascites and peripheral edema. Such severe systemic edema is called anasarca. In...
or vitamin C Abdomen Distended; hepatomegaly with fatty liver; possible ascites Cardiovascular Bradycardia; hypotension; reduced cardiac output; small...
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