Treating portal hypertension, surgery (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)
Anorectal varices are collateral submucosal blood vessels dilated by backflow in the veins of the rectum.[1] Typically this occurs due to portal hypertension which shunts venous blood from the portal system through the portosystemic anastomosis present at this site into the systemic venous system.[2][3] This can also occur in the esophagus, causing esophageal varices, and at the level of the umbilicus, causing caput medusae.[4] Between 44% and 78% of patients with portal hypertension get anorectal varices.[3][5]
^Katz, JA; Rubin, RA; Cope, C; Holland, G; Brass, CA (Jul 1993). "Recurrent bleeding from anorectal varices: successful treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 88 (7): 1104–7. PMID 8317414.
^Hunt AH. 'A contribution to the study of portal hypertension. Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1958: 61.
^ abChawla, Y; Dilawari, J B (1 March 1991). "Anorectal varices--their frequency in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension". Gut. 32 (3): 309–311. doi:10.1136/gut.32.3.309. PMC 1378841. PMID 2013427.
Anorectalvarices are collateral submucosal blood vessels dilated by backflow in the veins of the rectum. Typically this occurs due to portal hypertension...
venous dilatations. Such dilatation can lead to esophageal varices and anorectalvarices. Caput medusae can also result. A portacaval shunt is analogous...
hemorrhoids can be dependent on whether an underlying cause exists. An anorectalvarices related hemorrhoids caused by cirrhosis, however symptomatic treatment...
cavity Vomiting blood (hematemesis) from gastric or esophageal varicesAnorectalvarices Increased spleen size (splenomegaly), which may lead to lower...
pain and temperature. Many anorectal problems, including fissures, fistulae, abscesses, colorectal cancer, rectal varices, and itching have similar symptoms...
hemorrhoids (which are dilated vessels in the perianal fat pads), rectal varices, proctitis (of various causes), stercoral ulcers and infections. Diagnosis...
to varices. Esophageal varices often do not have symptoms until they rupture. A ruptured varix is considered a medical emergency because varices can...
(K60.3) Anal fistula (K60.5) Anorectal fistula (fecal fistula, fistula-in-ano): connecting the rectum or other anorectal area to the skin surface. This...
strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect...
disorders through direct visualization or tissue biopsy including esophageal varices, esophageal strictures, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus...
sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus known as esophageal varices which may be easily ruptured due to their friability and also in GERD(Gastro...
Esophageal stents may also be used to staunch the bleeding of esophageal varices. Esophageal stents are placed using endoscopy when after the tip of the...
expensive. Anoscopy is useful only for diagnosing bleeding sources from the anorectal junction and anal canal, including internal hemorrhoids and anal fissures...
endoscopy[citation needed] can interrogate vascular abnormalities such as esophageal varices. Double-contrast barium enema: a series of x-rays of the colon and rectum...
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