CT scan of peritoneal tuberculosis, with thickened omentum and peritoneal surfaces[1]
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is tuberculosis (TB) within a location in the body other than the lungs. It accounts for an increasing fraction of active cases, from 20 to 40% according to published reports,[2] and causes other kinds of TB.[3][4] These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis".[4] Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases.[4] Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others.
Infection of the lymph nodes, known as tubercular lymphadenitis, is the most common extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis.[4][5] An ulcer originating from nearby infected lymph nodes may occur and is painless. It typically enlarges slowly and has an appearance of "wash leather".[6]
Histopathological specimen showing tuberculosis of the duodenum. Lamina propria is stuffed with wall-to-wall histiocytes. This Kinyoun carbolfuchsin stain shows innumerable acid-fast bacilli.
When it spreads to the bones, it is known as skeletal tuberculosis,[4] a form of osteomyelitis.[7] Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.[8]
Central nervous system infections include tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculomas, and spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis.[4]
^ abcdefGolden MP, Vikram HR (2005). "Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview". American Family Physician. 72 (9): 1761–8. PMID 16300038.
^Rockwood, RR (August 2007). "Extrapulmonary TB: what you need to know". The Nurse Practitioner. 32 (8): 44–9. doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000282802.12314.dc. PMID 17667766.
^Burkitt, H. George (2007). Essential Surgery: Problems, Diagnosis & Management 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone. p. 34. ISBN 9780443103452.
^Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RN (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 516–522. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1.
^Lawn, SD; Zumla, AI (2 July 2011). "Tuberculosis". Lancet. 378 (9785): 57–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3. PMID 21420161. S2CID 208791546.
and 27 Related for: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis information
Extrapulmonarytuberculosis is tuberculosis (TB) within a location in the body other than the lungs. It accounts for an increasing fraction of active...
(known as pulmonary tuberculosis). Extrapulmonary TB occurs when tuberculosis develops outside of the lungs, although extrapulmonary TB may coexist with...
Abdominal tuberculosis is a type of extrapulmonarytuberculosis which involves the abdominal organs such as intestines, peritoneum and abdominal lymph...
HIV/AIDS. Miliary tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that is the result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis travelling to extrapulmonary organs, such as the...
Radiology (X-rays) is used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Abnormalities on chest radiographs may be suggestive of, but are never diagnostic of TB, but...
(March 1990). "A 62-dose, 6-month therapy for pulmonary and extrapulmonarytuberculosis. A twice-weekly, directly observed, and cost-effective regimen"...
MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra has high specificity in diagnosing extrapulmonarytuberculosis and is accurate in detecting rifampicin resistance. However,...
common type) occurring in 5-10% of all cases of extrapulmonarytuberculosis and 1% of all cases of tuberculosis overall. Cryptococcal meningitis is also a...
Treatment is usually antibiotics. Parotitis as extrapulmonarytuberculosis: The mycobacterium that cause tuberculosis can also cause parotid infection. Parotid...
The current clinical classification system for tuberculosis (TB) is based on the pathogenesis of the disease. Health care providers should comply with...
Gopalaswamy R, Dusthackeer VA, Kannayan S, Subbian S (May 26, 2021). "ExtrapulmonaryTuberculosis—An Update on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Drug Resistance". Journal...
Immunology Research Group. His research considers pulmonary and extrapulmonarytuberculosis. He leads the Diagnostics Research Laboratory. He was awarded...
FUO with prevalence varying by country and geographic region. Extrapulmonarytuberculosis is the most frequent cause of FUO. Drug-induced hyperthermia...
descriptions, modern historians have surmised that he suffered from extrapulmonarytuberculosis. On 13 April his chief physician informed him that his illness...
anorectal of more than one month's duration) Esophageal candidiasis Extrapulmonarytuberculosis Kaposi's sarcoma Central nervous system toxoplasmosis HIV encephalopathy...
Automated BACTEC MGIT 960 System for Testing Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Four Major Antituberculous Drugs: Comparison with the Radiometric...
DUF3657. FAM135B has shown to be expressed in individuals with extrapulmonarytuberculosis. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000147724 – Ensembl, May 2017...
antibody detection is useful in light infections and in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary paragonimiasis. In the United States, detection of antibodies to Paragonimus...
become the third most common opportunistic infection (after extrapulmonarytuberculosis and cryptococcosis) in HIV-positive individuals within the endemic...
Novel Njweipi Chegou for his work in the fields of pulmonary and extrapulmonarytuberculosis, and his innovative project proposal. 2023: Kelly Chibale for...
parts of the body (extrapulmonarytuberculosis) like the brain, kidneys and bones. In most cases patients infected with tuberculosis have other concomitant...
kansasii may cause chronic human pulmonary disease resembling tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary infections, such as cervical lymphadenitis in children, cutaneous...
India . A 2018 study in Zanzibar on a different form of TB, extrapulmonarytuberculosis, found many patients in the main hospital in Zanzibar experience...
family to El Paso in 1922, due in part to health problems with an extrapulmonarytuberculosis contracted in his youth, and that made him walk with a limp....
Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, resulting in a decreased...
pleurodesis. Tubercular pleural effusion is one of the common extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis. Treatment consists of antituberculosis treatment (ATT)....
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