In biology, parallel speciation is a type of speciation where there is repeated evolution of reproductively isolating traits via the same mechanisms occurring between separate yet closely related species inhabiting different environments.[1][2][3][4] This leads to a circumstance where independently evolved lineages have developed reproductive isolation from their ancestral lineage, but not from other independent lineages that inhabit similar environments.[1] In order for parallel speciation to be confirmed, there is a set of three requirements that has been established that must be met: there must be phylogenetic independence between the separate populations inhabiting similar environments to ensure that the traits responsible for reproductive isolation evolved separately, there must be reproductive isolation not only between the ancestral population and the descendent population, but also between descendent populations that inhabit dissimilar environments, and descendent populations that inhabit similar environments must not be reproductively isolated from one another.[1] To determine if natural selection specifically is the cause of parallel speciation, a fourth requirement has been established that includes identifying and testing an adaptive mechanism, which eliminates the possibility of a genetic factor such as polyploidy being the responsible agent.[1]
^ abcdSchluter, Dolph; Nagel, Laura M. (1995). "Parallel Speciation by Natural Selection". The American Naturalist. 146 (2): 292–301. doi:10.1086/285799. ISSN 0003-0147. JSTOR 2463062. S2CID 84965667.
^Rundle, Howard D.; Nagel, Laura; Boughman, Janette Wenrick; Schluter, Dolph (2000-01-14). "Natural Selection and Parallel Speciation in Sympatric Sticklebacks". Science. 287 (5451): 306–308. Bibcode:2000Sci...287..306R. doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.306. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10634785.
^Strecker, Ulrike; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Wilkens, Horst (2012-01-01). "Parallel speciation in Astyanax cave fish (Teleostei) in Northern Mexico". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (1): 62–70. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.005. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 21963344.
^Johannesson, Kerstin (2001-03-01). "Parallel speciation: a key to sympatric divergence". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 16 (3): 148–153. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(00)02078-4. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 11179579.
and 28 Related for: Parallel speciation information
In biology, parallelspeciation is a type of speciation where there is repeated evolution of reproductively isolating traits via the same mechanisms occurring...
is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject of much ongoing discussion. Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy,...
explains the derivation. Sympatric speciation is one of three traditional geographic modes of speciation. Allopatric speciation is the evolution of species caused...
Allopatric speciation (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) 'other', and πατρίς (patrís) 'fatherland') – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant...
"stepping-stone" (discrete populations), and stasipatric speciation in concordance with most of the parapatric speciation literature.: 111 Henceforth, the models are...
Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.: 105 Since peripatric speciation resembles...
Ecological speciation is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene...
periods. This isolation acts as a precursor to allochronic speciation, a type of speciation which results when two populations of a species become isolated...
Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent...
Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response...
between closely related populations within a species, sometimes leading to speciation. Divergent evolution is typically exhibited when two populations become...
heuristics may be employed to make the calculation faster or more robust. The speciation heuristic penalizes crossover between candidate solutions that are too...
part of that century. Since then, research on speciation has expanded immensely. The language of speciation has grown more complex. Debate over classification...
reproduction) at the level of individuals, and the positive correlation between speciation and extinction rates in most higher taxa. In 1973, Leigh Van Valen proposed...
pressures. Divergent evolution is the process of speciation. This can happen in several ways: Allopatric speciation is when species are separated by a physical...
niches. Starting with a single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different...
beyond the intraspecific variation found in microevolution (including speciation). In other words, macroevolution is the evolution of taxa above the species...
related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evolution, which occurs when two independent species evolve in the same...
especially peripatric speciation as applied to the fossil record. Although the sudden appearance of species and its relationship to speciation was proposed and...
of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation...
Speciation has been observed multiple times under both controlled laboratory conditions and in nature. In sexually reproducing organisms, speciation results...
have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution...
Allochronic speciation (also known as allochronic isolation, or temporal isolation) is a form of speciation (specifically ecological speciation) arising...
1962 paper where he coined the term "Catastrophic Speciation" to describe this mode of speciation, since he theorized that the reductions in population...
affect speciation and extinction rates, and (b) strict-sense species selection, where species-level traits (e.g. geographical range) affect speciation and...
ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect of speciation, in which multiple species derive from a single ancestral population....
speciation rate coupled with divergence of morphological features that are directly related to ecological habits; these radiations involve speciation...
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