This article is about the history of the study of speciation. For a broader description of the biological phenomenon, see Speciation.
Charles Darwin in 1868
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The scientific study of speciation — how species evolve to become new species — began around the time of Charles Darwin in the middle of the 19th century. Many naturalists at the time recognized the relationship between biogeography (the way species are distributed) and the evolution of species. The 20th century saw the growth of the field of speciation, with major contributors such as Ernst Mayr researching and documenting species' geographic patterns and relationships. The field grew in prominence with the modern evolutionary synthesis in the early part of that century. Since then, research on speciation has expanded immensely.
The language of speciation has grown more complex. Debate over classification schemes on the mechanisms of speciation and reproductive isolation continue. The 21st century has seen a resurgence in the study of speciation, with new techniques such as molecular phylogenetics and systematics. Speciation has largely been divided into discrete modes that correspond to rates of gene flow between two incipient populations. Current research has driven the development of alternative schemes and the discovery of new processes of speciation.
and 28 Related for: History of speciation information
sympatric speciation as the most important mode ofspeciation.: 83 Nevertheless, Darwin never fully accepted Wagner's concept of geographical speciation. The...
contributor to speciation is the subject of much ongoing discussion. Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy, such as by doubling of chromosome...
geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model: 86 – is a mode ofspeciation that occurs when biological populations...
derivation. Sympatric speciation is one of three traditional geographic modes ofspeciation. Allopatric speciation is the evolution of species caused by the...
"stepping-stone" (discrete populations), and stasipatric speciation in concordance with most of the parapatric speciation literature.: 111 Henceforth, the models are...
Peripatric speciation is a mode ofspeciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.: 105 Since peripatric speciation resembles...
Hybrid speciation is a form ofspeciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent...
pressures. Divergent evolution is the process ofspeciation. This can happen in several ways: Allopatric speciation is when species are separated by a physical...
bibliography Historyof biology Historyof evolutionary thought Historyofspeciation Modern evolutionary synthesis The Complete Works of Charles Darwin...
equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. M. Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, and their...
Allochronic speciation (also known as allochronic isolation, or temporal isolation) is a form ofspeciation (specifically ecological speciation) arising...
swift rise from 200 Ma to the present. Historyof evolutionary thought On the Origin of Species Speciation Taxonomy of commonly fossilised invertebrates Treatise...
diagrams effectively convey the concept that speciation occurs through the adaptive and semirandom splitting of lineages. The term phylogenetic, or phylogeny...
However, now a large amount of creationists allow evolution of species, in the face of undeniable evidence for speciation. They contend, however, that...
key importance of reproductive isolation for speciation in his Systematics and the Origin of Species (1942). W. D. Hamilton conceived of kin selection...
small, newly isolated populations with his shifting balance theory ofspeciation. Following after Wright, Ernst Mayr created many persuasive models to...
evolution of large-scale structures and traits that go significantly beyond the intraspecific variation found in microevolution (including speciation). In...
mechanisms of speciation and adaptation. These genomic analyses have produced fundamental changes in the understanding of evolutionary history, such as the...
Ecological speciation is a form ofspeciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene...
mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in...
critical intervals in history in a way consistent with scientific explanations ofspeciation, with similarities to the ideas of progressive creationism...
advantage of sexual reproduction (as opposed to asexual reproduction) at the level of individuals, and the positive correlation between speciation and extinction...
the interplay of adaptation and speciation is the evolution of cichlid fish in African lakes, where the question of reproductive isolation is complex...
Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response...
generations gradual change speciation natural selection common descent Since Darwin, evolution has become a well-supported body of interconnected statements...
affect speciation and extinction rates, and (b) strict-sense species selection, where species-level traits (e.g. geographical range) affect speciation and...
evolutionary history is filled with many species. Recent paleogenetic discoveries show that tuataras are prone to quick speciation. The most recent order of reptiles...
the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect ofspeciation, in which multiple species derive from a single...
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