Speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated smaller peripheral population
Figure 1: Peripatric speciation
Figure 2: Centrifugal speciation
Diagrams representing the process of peripatric and centrifugal speciation. In peripatry, a small population becomes isolated on the periphery of the central population evolving reproductive isolation (blue) due to reduced gene flow. In centrifugal speciation, an original population (green) range expands and contracts, leaving an isolated fragment population behind. The central population (changed to blue) evolves reproductive isolation in contrast to peripatry.
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Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.[1]: 105 Since peripatric speciation resembles allopatric speciation, in that populations are isolated and prevented from exchanging genes, it can often be difficult to distinguish between them.[2] Nevertheless, the primary characteristic of peripatric speciation proposes that one of the populations is much smaller than the other. The terms peripatric and peripatry are often used in biogeography, referring to organisms whose ranges are closely adjacent but do not overlap, being separated where these organisms do not occur—for example on an oceanic island compared to the mainland. Such organisms are usually closely related (e.g. sister species); their distribution being the result of peripatric speciation.
The concept of peripatric speciation was first outlined by the evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr in 1954.[3] Since then, other alternative models have been developed such as centrifugal speciation, that posits that a species' population experiences periods of geographic range expansion followed by shrinking periods, leaving behind small isolated populations on the periphery of the main population. Other models have involved the effects of sexual selection on limited population sizes. Other related models of peripherally isolated populations based on chromosomal rearrangements have been developed such as budding speciation and quantum speciation.
The existence of peripatric speciation is supported by observational evidence and laboratory experiments.[1]: 106 Scientists observing the patterns of a species biogeographic distribution and its phylogenetic relationships are able to reconstruct the historical process by which they diverged. Further, oceanic islands are often the subject of peripatric speciation research due to their isolated habitats—with the Hawaiian Islands widely represented in much of the scientific literature.
^ abJerry A. Coyne; H. Allen Orr (2004), Speciation, Sinauer Associates, pp. 1–545, ISBN 978-0-87893-091-3
^Lucinda P. Lawson, John M Bates, Michele Menegon, & Simon P. Loader (2015), "Divergence at the edges: peripatric isolation in the montane spiny throated reed frog complex", BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15 (128): 128, Bibcode:2015BMCEE..15..128L, doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0384-3, PMC 4487588, PMID 26126573{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Ernst Mayr. (1954). Change of genetic environment and evolution. In J. Huxley, A. C. Hardy & E. B. Ford. (eds) Evolution as a Process, Unwin Brothers, London. Pp. 157–180.
and 29 Related for: Peripatric speciation information
Peripatricspeciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.: 105 Since peripatric speciation...
speciation called peripatricspeciation. Allopatric speciation is typically subdivided into two major models: vicariance and peripatric. These models differ...
geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric...
disease-causing recessive allele. centrifugal speciation A variation of peripatricspeciation in which speciation occurs by geographic isolation, but reproductive...
to many of the speciation concepts put forth. One of which was the concept of peripatricspeciation, a variant of allopatric speciation (he has since distinguished...
Laboratory experiments of speciation have been conducted for all four modes of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric; and various...
Ecological speciation is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene...
"stepping-stone" (discrete populations), and stasipatric speciation in concordance with most of the parapatric speciation literature.: 111 Henceforth, the models are...
equivocal at best.[further explanation needed] Speciation by genetic drift is a specific case of peripatricspeciation which in itself occurs in rare instances...
contrasts with Ernst Mayr's interpretation of speciation by splitting, particularly allopatric and peripatricspeciation. The lack of evidence for evolutionary...
become separated by a geographic barrier (such as in allopatric or peripatricspeciation) and experience different selective pressures that cause adaptations...
produce organisms that cannot interbreed. The second mode of speciation is peripatricspeciation, which occurs when small populations of organisms become...
peripheral isolates without themselves becoming extinct (i.e. through peripatricspeciation) are examples of paraspecies. Paraspecies are expected from evolutionary...
distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation – which prevents hybrid...
selection on linked sites is a more important stochastic force. Peripatricspeciation Antigenic drift Coalescent theory Constructive neutral evolution...
can then act independently on each population. Peripatricspeciation is a type of allopatric speciation that occurs when one of the new populations is...
This change is presumed to be due to some evolutionary cause, like peripatricspeciation. Previously, R. quaesita was used to identify the blue ribbon eels...
Peripatricspeciation – Speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated smaller peripheral population Parapatric speciation – Speciation...
Niza Gámez; Reyna A. Castillo-Gámez & Luis E. Eguiarte (2016), "Peripatricspeciation of an endemic species driven by Pleistocene climate change: The...
closely resembling an Andean one. Given that the terrain facilitates peripatricspeciation, as evidenced by the high biodiversity of the Andean region, the...
has rapidly expanded its range or is highly panmictic undergoes peripatricspeciation in different regions. An example is the Drosophila simulans species...
8000–9500 years ago. Lacey Knowles Landscape genetics and genomics Peripatricspeciation Population genetics and genomics Avise, J. (2000). Phylogeography:...
species has shown signs of genetic drift through either paripatric or peripatricspeciation. This conclusion has been reached due to the dental anomalies found...
glandulosa in what may be an example of both allopatric speciation and peripatricspeciation. Layia discoidea looks quite different from the white-rayed...
especially peripatricspeciation as applied to the fossil record. Although the sudden appearance of species and its relationship to speciation was proposed...
Hawaii List of animal species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands Peripatricspeciation on the Hawaiian archipelago Fleischer, RC; McIntosh, CE; Tarr, CL...
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