The Papal States under Pope Pius IX assumed a much more modern and secular character than had been seen under previous pontificates, and yet this progressive modernization was not nearly sufficient in resisting the tide of political liberalization and unification in Italy during the middle of the 19th century.
A view of the Papal States from the perspective of the mid-19th
century is readily available.[1]
^Edmond About (1859). The Roman Question. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library. ISBN 978-1-4255-1934-6. This book is a primary reference,
written by a French Catholic observer who visited the Papal States at
the time. It is opinionated, claiming to convey the opinions of the Pope's
subjects at the time. The text is available a no cost from Project Gutenberg.
and 29 Related for: Papal States under Pope Pius IX information
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