"Conclave" redirects here. For other uses, see Conclave (disambiguation).
"Papal election" redirects here. For the election of the Coptic pope, see Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria § Patriarchal elections.
"New pope" redirects here. For the 2020 TV show, see The New Pope.
For a list of papal conclaves, see List of papal conclaves.
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The 1492 papal conclave was the first to be held in the Sistine Chapel, the site of all conclaves since 1878.
A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and the earthly head of the Catholic Church.[1]
Concerns around political interference led to reforms after the interregnum of 1268–1271 and Pope Gregory X's decree during the Second Council of Lyons in 1274 that the cardinal electors should be locked in seclusion cum clave (Latin for 'with a key') and not permitted to leave until a new pope had been elected.[2] Conclaves are now held in the Sistine Chapel of the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City.[3]
Since the Apostolic Age, the bishop of Rome, like other bishops, was chosen by the consensus of the clergy and laity of the diocese.[4] The body of electors was more precisely defined when, in 1059, the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of electors.[5] Since then, other details of the process have developed. In 1970, Pope Paul VI limited the electors to cardinals under 80 years of age in Ingravescentem aetatem. The current[update] procedures were established by Pope John Paul II in his apostolic constitution, Universi Dominici gregis,[3] as amended by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007 and 2013.[6] A two-thirds supermajority vote is required to elect the new pope.[7][8] The most recent papal conclave occurred in 2013, when Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as Pope Francis, succeeding the late Pope Benedict XVI.
^Fanning, William H. W. (1913). "Vicar of Christ" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Goyau, Georges (1913). "Second Council of Lyons (1274)" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ abJohn Paul II (22 February 1996). Universi Dominici gregis Archived 6 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Apostolic constitution. Vatican City: Vatican Publishing House.
^Baumgartner 2003, p. 4.
^Weber, N. A. (1913). "Pope Nicholas II" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^"Pope Issues Conclave Motu Proprio" Archived 13 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine National Catholic Register. 25 February 2013.
^Benedict XVI (11 June 2007). De aliquibus mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Latin). Motu proprio. Vatican City: Vatican Publishing House.
^"Pope alters voting for successor" Archived 14 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. 26 June 2007.
A papalconclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to...
A papalconclave was held on 18 and 19 April 2005 to elect a successor to John Paul II, who had died on 2 April 2005. Upon the pope's death, the cardinals...
conclave. The conclave cardinals may elect any baptised Catholic male, but since 1389 they have always elected a fellow cardinal. Observers of papal elections...
1503 papalconclave may refer to: September 1503 papalconclave, which elected Pius III to succeed Alexander VI October 1503 papalconclave, which elected...
1555 papalconclave may refer to: April 1555 papalconclave, which elected Marcellus II to succeed Julius III May 1555 papalconclave, which elected Paul...
1590 papalconclave may refer to: September 1590 papalconclave, which elected Urban VII to succeed Sixtus V October–December 1590 papalconclave, which...
and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied until 1294, but all papal elections since have followed relatively similar conclave procedures...
The papalconclave held from 14 to 16 October 1978 was triggered by the death of John Paul I on 28 September 1978, just 33 days after he was elected pope...
The papalconclave held from 2 to 6 February 1922 saw Cardinal Achille Ratti elected to succeed Benedict XV, who had died on 22 January 1922. It took fourteen...
A papalconclave was held from 19 to 21 June 1963 to elect a successor of John XXIII, who had died on 3 June 1963. The cardinal electors assembled in Rome...
The 1492 papalconclave (6–11 August) was convened after the death of Pope Innocent VIII (25 July 1492). It was the first papalconclave to be held in...
A papalconclave took place from 25 to 28 October following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958. On the eleventh ballot, the College of Cardinals...
The papalconclave held on 1 and 2 March 1939 saw Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli elected on the third ballot to succeed Pius XI, who had died on 10 February...
In the papalconclave held from 14 to 16 June 1846, Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, Bishop of Imola, was elected on the fourth ballot to succeed the recently...
The papalconclave held on 25 and 26 August 1978 was the first of the two held that year. It was convoked to elect a successor to Paul VI, who had died...
1276 papalconclave or 1276 papal election may refer to: January 1276 papalconclave, which elected Innocent V to succeed Gregory X July 1276 papal conclave...
The papalconclave held from 24 February to 31 March 1829 to elect a successor to the recently deceased Leo XII resulted in the accession of Cardinal Francesco...
The papalconclave held from 18 to 20 February 1878 saw the election of Vincenzo Pecci, who took the name Leo XIII as pope. Held after the death of Pius...
The papalconclave held from 31 July to 4 August 1903 saw the election of Cardinal Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto to become pope in succession to Leo XIII,...
A papalconclave was held from 31 August to 3 September 1914 which elected Giacomo della Chiesa to succeed Pius X, who died on August 20, as pope. Della...
as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity. Today, it is the site of the papalconclave, the process by which a new pope is selected...
The 1513 papalconclave, occasioned by the death of Pope Julius II on 21 February 1513, opened on 4 March with twenty-five cardinals in attendance, out...
accepting the resignation of the remaining papal claimants and by electing Pope Martin V. It was the last papal election to take place outside of Italy....
The 1585 papalconclave (21–24 April), convoked after the death of Pope Gregory XIII, elected Cardinal Felice Peretti Montalto (O.F.M.Conv), who took the...
The 1534 papalconclave (October 11 – October 13) was convened after the death of Pope Clement VII, and elected as his successor Cardinal Alessandro Farnese...
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