Carpineto Romano, département of Rome, French Empire
Died
20 July 1903(1903-07-20) (aged 93) Apostolic Palace, Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Previous post(s)
Titular Archbishop of Tamiathis (1843–1846)
Apostolic Nuncio to Belgium (1843–1846)
Archbishop-Bishop of Perugia (1846–1880)
Cardinal-Priest of San Crisogono (1853–1878)
Camerlengo of the Apostolic Chamber (1877–1878)
Motto
Lumen in coelo[1] (Light in Heaven)
Signature
Coat of arms
Other popes named Leo
Papal styles of Pope Leo XIII
Reference style
His Holiness
Spoken style
Your Holiness
Religious style
Holy Father
Posthumous style
None
Ordination history of Pope Leo XIII
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained by
Carlo Odescalchi
Date
31 December 1837
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecrator
Luigi Lambruschini
Co-consecrators
Fabio Maria Asquini Giuseppe Maria Castellani
Date
19 February 1843
Cardinalate
Elevated by
Pius IX
Date
19 December 1853
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Pope Leo XIII as principal consecrator
Antonio Briganti
19 November 1871
Carmelo Pascucci
19 November 1871
Carlo Laurenzi
24 June 1877
Edoardo Borromeo
19 May 1878
Francesco Latoni
1 June 1879
Jean Baptiste François Pitra
1 June 1879
Bartholomew Woodlock
1 June 1879
Agostino Bausa
24 March 1889
Giuseppe Antonio Ermenegildo Prisco
29 May 1898
Pope Leo XIII (Italian: Leone XIII; born Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci;[b] 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 until his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, whose age can be validated, holding office (Benedict XVI became older (95) as Pope Emeritus), and had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of St. Peter, Pius IX (his immediate predecessor) and John Paul II.
He is well known for his intellectualism and his attempts to define the position of the Catholic Church with regard to modern thinking. In his famous 1891 encyclical Rerum novarum, Pope Leo outlined the rights of workers to a fair wage, safe working conditions, and the formation of trade unions, while affirming the rights to property and free enterprise, opposing both socialism and laissez-faire capitalism. With that encyclical, he became popularly titled as the "Social Pope" and the "Pope of the Workers", also having created the foundations for modern thinking in the social doctrines of the Catholic Church, influencing the thoughts of his successors. He influenced the Mariology of the Catholic Church and promoted both the rosary and the scapular. Upon his election, he immediately sought to revive Thomism, the theological system of Thomas Aquinas, desiring to refer to it as the official theological and philosophical foundation for the Catholic Church. As a result, he sponsored the Editio Leonina in 1879.
Leo XIII is particularly remembered for his belief that pastoral activity in political sociology was also a vital mission of the church as a vehicle of social justice and maintaining the rights and dignities of the human person. Leo XIII issued a record of eleven papal encyclicals on the rosary, earning him the title of the "Rosary Pope". In addition, he approved two new Marian scapulars. He was the first pope never to have held any control over the Papal States, which had been dissolved by 1870, since Pope Stephen II in the Eighth Century. Similarly, many of his policies were oriented towards mitigating the loss of the Papal States in an attempt to overcome the loss of temporal power, but nonetheless continuing the Roman Question.
After his death in 1903, he was buried in the Vatican Grottoes before his remains were later transferred in 1924 to the Basilica of Saint John Lateran.
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^Gifford, Don (1982). Joyce Annotated: Notes for Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. University of California Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-520-04610-8.
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