This article is about the pope who was canonized. For the namesake fraternity, see Society of Saint Pius X. For other uses, see St. Pius X (disambiguation).
Pope Saint
Pius X
Bishop of Rome
Pius X c. 1914
Church
Catholic Church
Papacy began
4 August 1903
Papacy ended
20 August 1914
Predecessor
Leo XIII
Successor
Benedict XV
Orders
Ordination
18 September 1858 by Giovanni Antonio Farina
Consecration
16 November 1884 by Lucido Maria Parocchi
Created cardinal
12 June 1893 by Leo XIII
Personal details
Born
Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
(1835-06-02)2 June 1835
Riese, Treviso, Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
Died
20 August 1914(1914-08-20) (aged 79) Apostolic Palace, Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Previous post(s)
Archpriest of Salzano (1867–1875)
Chancellor of the Diocese of Treviso (1875–1884)
Vice-Capitular of Treviso (1879–1880)
Bishop of Mantova (1884–1893)
Patriarch of Venice (1893–1903)
Cardinal-Priest of San Bernardo alle Terme (1893–1903)
Motto
Instaurare Omnia in Christo[1] (To restore all things in Christ)
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day
21 August 3 September (General Roman Calendar 1955–1969)
Venerated in
Catholic Church
Beatified
3 June 1951 Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City by Pius XII
Canonized
29 May 1954 Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City by Pius XII
Patronage
Society of Saint Pius X[2] Archdiocese of Atlanta, Georgia; Diocese of Des Moines, Iowa; First Communicants; Diocese of Great Falls-Billings, Montana; Archdiocese of Kottayam, India; pilgrims; Santa Luċija, Malta; Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau, Missouri; Archdiocese of Zamboanga, Philippines; emigrants from Treviso; Patriarchate of Venice; Catechists;[3] St. Pius X Seminary (Dubuque, Iowa)
Ordination history
History
Diaconal ordination
Date
27 February 1858
Priestly ordination
Ordained by
Giovanni Antonio Farina
Date
18 September 1858
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecrator
Lucido Maria Parocchi
Co-consecrators
Pietro Rota Giovanni Maria Berengo [it]
Date
16 November 1884
Cardinalate
Elevated by
Pope Leo XIII
Date
13 June 1893
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Pope Pius X as principal consecrator
Pope Pius X (Italian: Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto;[a] 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine, and for promoting liturgical reforms and scholastic theology. He initiated the preparation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the first comprehensive and systemic work of its kind. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. The Society of Saint Pius X, a traditionalist Catholic fraternity formed decades after his death, is named after him.
Pius X was devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Confidence; while his papal encyclical Ad diem illum took on a sense of renewal that was reflected in the motto of his pontificate.[4] He advanced the Liturgical Movement by formulating the principle of participatio actuosa (active participation of the faithful) in his motu proprio, Tra le sollecitudini (1903). He encouraged the frequent reception of Holy Communion, and he lowered the age for First Communion, which became a lasting innovation of his papacy.[5]
Like his predecessors, he promoted Thomism as the principal philosophical method to be taught in Catholic institutions. He vehemently opposed various 19th-century philosophies that he viewed as an intrusion of secular errors incompatible with Catholic dogma, especially modernism, which he critiqued as the synthesis of every heresy.[6]
Pius X was known for his firm demeanour and sense of personal poverty, reflected by his membership of the Third Order of Saint Francis.[7] He regularly gave sermons from the pulpit, a rare practice at the time.[b] After the 1908 Messina earthquake he filled the Apostolic Palace with refugees, long before the Italian government acted.[7] He rejected any kind of favours for his family, and his close relatives chose to remain in poverty, living near Rome.[7][8] He also undertook a reform of the Roman Curia with the Apostolic Constitution Sapienti consilio in 1908.
After his death, a strong cult of devotion followed his reputation for piety and holiness. He was beatified in 1951 and canonized in 1954 by Pope Pius XII.[8] A statue bearing his name stands within Saint Peter's Basilica, and his birth town was renamed Riese Pio X after his death.
^"hSarto". Araldica vaticana. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^"Why is St. Pius X the Society's patron?". 25 August 2014.
^"Pope joins faithful at altar of St. Pius X". Vatican Insider. 22 August 2015. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
^Sarto 1904, 5.
^Lortz 1934, §113.
^Lortz 1934, §113,2.
^ abcKühner 1960, p. 183.
^ abPius X. Franciscan SFO. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2014..
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