Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily in the liver.[1] Oxidative deamination is stereospecific, meaning it contains different stereoisomers as reactants and products; this process is either catalyzed by L or D- amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase is present only in the liver and kidney.[2] Oxidative deamination is an important step in the catabolism of amino acids, generating a more metabolizable form of the amino acid, and also generating ammonia as a toxic byproduct. The ammonia generated in this process can then be neutralized into urea via the urea cycle.
Much of the oxidative deamination occurring in cells involves the amino acid glutamate, which can be oxidatively deaminated by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), using NAD or NADP as a coenzyme. This reaction generates α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and ammonia. Glutamate can then be regenerated from α-KG via the action of transaminases or aminotransferase, which catalyze the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid. In this manner, an amino acid can transfer its amine group to glutamate, after which GDH can then liberate ammonia via oxidative deamination. This is a common pathway during amino acid catabolism.[3]
Another enzyme responsible for oxidative deamination is monoamine oxidase, which catalyzes the deamination of monoamines via addition of oxygen. This generates the corresponding ketone- or aldehyde-containing form of the molecule, and generates ammonia. Monoamine oxidases MAO-A and MAO-B play vital roles in the degradation and inactivation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and epinephrine.[4] Monoamine oxidases are important drug targets, targeted by MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) such as selegiline. Glutamate dehydrogenase play an important role in oxidative deamination.
^LibreTexts, Chemistry (29 August 2020). "Stage II of Protein Catabolism". Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
^Bhagavan & Ha, N.V.,Chung-Eun (2015). Essentials Of Medical Biochemistry With Clinical Cases. USA: Elsevier. pp. 231–233. ISBN 9780124166974.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Amino Acid Catabolism: Nitrogen". Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
^Edmondson DE, Mattevi A, Binda C, Li M, Hubálek F (August 2004). "Structure and mechanism of monoamine oxidase". Current Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (15): 1983–93. doi:10.2174/0929867043364784. PMID 15279562.
and 27 Related for: Oxidative deamination information
Oxidativedeamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily...
family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidativedeamination of amines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. A mutation...
metabolite of amphetamine and methamphetamine via FMO3-mediated oxidativedeamination. There are many routes to synthesize phenylacetone. Industry uses...
of nucleophiles to the formyl carbon in the formation of imines (oxidativedeamination) and hemiacetals (structures of aldose sugars). Because of resonance...
(ubiquitylation) marks a protein for degradation via the proteasome. Oxidativedeamination is the first step to breaking down the amino acids so that they...
gluconeogenesis, the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to fatty acids, and oxidativedeamination of neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidase. There are many signals...
present in tropoelastin to form reactive aldehydes and allysine via oxidativedeamination. These reactive aldehydes and allysines can react with other lysine...
DNA oxidation is the process of oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid. As described in detail by Burrows et al., 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG)...
seizures in children. Pyridoxal phosphate also participates in the oxidativedeamination of GABA, where it is a cofactor of GABA aminotransferase. Metabolism...
keto group adjacent to the carboxylic acid. They often arise by oxidativedeamination of amino acids, and reciprocally, they are precursors to the same...
enzyme located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. It catalyzes the oxidativedeamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and plays an important role in...
accumulation of oxidative damage. Current studies demonstrate that the accumulation of ROS can decrease an organism's fitness because oxidative damage is a...
does have five subunits of an ATP synthase as well as pathways for oxidativedeamination. Whether it obtains energy from biological molecules imported from...
in brain, the NAD+/NADH ratio in brain mitochondria encourages oxidativedeamination (i.e. glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia). In bacteria, the...
hydroxylation and decarboxylation and to 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde by oxidativedeamination, respectively. These two compounds are converted into dopamine by...
modified to produce isobutanol. α-Ketoisovalerate, derived from oxidativedeamination of valine, is prone to decarboxylation to give isobutyraldehyde...
lactic acid, a degradation product of RuBisCO, and the result of oxidativedeamination of serine. Hydroxypyruvate reductase Hydroxypyruvate isomerase Hydroxypyruvate...
involves the saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) (E.C 1.5.1.8) catalysed oxidativedeamination of saccharopine, resulting in L-lysine. In a variant AAA pathway...
α-ketoglutarate to glutamate, glutamate subsequently undergoes oxidativedeamination to form ammonium ions, which are excreted as urea. In the reverse...
apyrimidinic site (AP site). In an alternative oxidativedeamination pathway, 5hmC can be oxidatively deaminated by activity-induced cytidine deaminase/apolipoprotein...
Ronald A.; Finnegan, William G. (1954). "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (1): 290–291. doi:10.1021/ja01630a086...
enzymes used for mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation: The NADH formed in the third oxidative step cannot be reoxidized in the peroxisome, so reducing...
ammonolysis of 2-bromopropanoic acid. Alanine is broken down by oxidativedeamination, the inverse reaction of the reductive amination reaction described...
base excision repair (stage 3). In an alternative oxidativedeamination pathway, 5hmC can be oxidatively deaminated by APOBEC (AID/APOBEC) deaminases to...
putrescine gives the N-methylputrescine product, which then undergoes oxidativedeamination by the action of diamine oxidase to yield the aminoaldehyde. Schiff...
para-hydroxylation, aliphatic alpha- and beta-hydroxylation, N-oxidation, N-dealkylation, and deamination. The known metabolic pathways, detectable metabolites...
deamination of L-phenylalanine into cinnamic acid by the action of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). PAL catalyzes this reaction by a non-oxidative deamination...
Global Information