Hepatocellular carcinoma in an individual who was hepatitis C positive. Autopsy specimen.
Specialty
Oncology
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC[1]) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.[2] HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.[3]
The development of HCC is attributed to fibrosis and cirrhosis, which occur in the setting of chronic liver injury and inflammation. The latter being closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such as alcohol, aflatoxin, or pyrrolizidine alkaloids.[4] Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, markedly increase the risk of developing HCC. Metabolic syndrome and NASH are also increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC.[5]: 870–873
As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of HCC vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the cancer has spread, and overall health.
The vast majority of HCC cases and the lowest survival rates after treatment occur in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, in countries where hepatitis B infection is endemic and many are infected from birth. The incidence of HCC in the United States and other developing countries is increasing due to an increase in hepatitis C virus infections. It is more than three times as common in males as in females, for unknown reasons.[5]: 870–873
^Cite error: The named reference shetty was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Global Cancer Observatory". gco.iarc.fr. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
^Tan DJ, Wong C, Ng CH, Poh CW, Jain SR, Huang DQ, Muthiah MD (January 2021). "A Meta-Analysis on the Rate of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence after Liver Transplant and Associations to Etiology, Alpha-Fetoprotein, Income and Ethnicity". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 10 (2): 238. doi:10.3390/jcm10020238. PMC 7828059. PMID 33440759.
^ abKumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A, eds. (2015). Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (9th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4557-2613-4.
and 24 Related for: Hepatocellular carcinoma information
Hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with...
FLC, also known as fibrolamellar hepatocellularcarcinoma, is different from the more common hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) in that it afflicts young people...
Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Males are more often affected with hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) than females. Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to...
and may be used to help differentiate a cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellularcarcinoma and metastasis of other gastrointestinal tumors. Cytological scrapings...
underlying portal hypertension. Ultrasound may also screen for hepatocellularcarcinoma and portal hypertension. This is done by assessing flow in the...
primary kidney cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma), advanced primary liver cancer (hepatocellularcarcinoma), FLT3-ITD positive AML and radioactive iodine...
is being developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb for the treatment of hepatocellularcarcinoma or HCC (also called malignant hepatoma), the most common type of...
medication used to treat medullary thyroid cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and hepatocellularcarcinoma. It is a small molecule inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases...
following review presents the benefits of proton therapy in treating hepatocellularcarcinoma, pancreatic cancer and esophageal cancer. Post-treatment liver...
Excellence (NICE) approved use of regorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellularcarcinoma who were previously treated with sorafenib. MetastaticCRC: After...
do not form layers of four or more hepatocytes, as is seen in hepatocellularcarcinoma. Cells resemble normal hepatocytes and are traversed by blood vessels...
Invasive carcinoma of no special type (invasive carcinoma NST), invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC),...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney...
ambiguous and cannot always establish a differential diagnosis with hepatocellularcarcinoma. Thus, during the arterial phase there is a centripetal and inhomogeneous...
was identified as a bioactive chemotherapeutic agent, against hepatocellularcarcinoma, obtained from the methanolic extract of S. nigrum. Lankalapalli...
liver failure. Primary liver cancer most commonly manifests as hepatocellularcarcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma; rarer forms include angiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma...
the first vaccine that has been established to prevent cancer (hepatocellularcarcinoma) by preventing infection with the causative virus. In 2006, the...
RNA editing sites can be found here. Studies of patients with hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) have shown trends of upregulated ADAR1 and downregulated...
promoter regions of EMP3 being hypermethylated or unmethylated. Hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC), which is mainly caused by the chronic infections of hepatitis...
iron accumulation in pancreas osteoporosis cardiac abnormalities hepatocellularcarcinoma Originally, this was blamed on ungalvanised barrels used to store...
incidence of hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC; liver cancer). Across Europe, hepatitis B and C cause approximately 50% of hepatocellularcarcinomas. Chronic...
year will likely progress to hepatocellularcarcinoma. Worldwide, the estimated prevalence of hepatocellularcarcinoma related to NAFLD is 15–30%. NASH...