A helper virus is a virus that allows an otherwise-deficient coinfecting virus to replicate. These can be naturally occurring as with Hepatitis D virus, which requires Hepatitis B virus to coinfect cells in order to replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread viral vectors for gene expression and gene therapy.[1]
^Graham BS, Crowe JE, Ledgerwood JE (2007). "14 - Immunization Against Viral Diseases". In Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds.). Fields Virology (6 ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. p. 403.
helpervirus is a virus that allows an otherwise-deficient coinfecting virus to replicate. These can be naturally occurring as with Hepatitis D virus...
A helper dependent virus, also termed a gutless virus, is a synthetic viral vector dependent on the assistance of a helpervirus in order to replicate...
their helperviruses; while they are sometimes considered to be genomic elements of their helperviruses, they are not always found within their helper viruses...
by a certain helper virus; Sputnik uses the helpervirus's machinery for reproduction and inhibits replication of the helpervirus. It is known as a virophage...
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune...
helpervirus to replicate. Phaeocystis globosa Virus Virophage has a parasitic relationship with its helpervirus species Phaeocystis globosa virus (PgV)...
penetrate host cells, but requires another fully functional virus particle (the 'helper' virus) to co-infect a cell with it, in order to provide the lost...
dependovirus. A highly efficient helpervirus commonly used when growing A-MuLV in vitro is Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV). It causes leukemia directly...
nucleic acids — infectious agents that resemble viruses, but cannot replicate without a helpervirus. Established in ICTV TaxoProp 2020.012D, the realm...
viral replication. Such a virus can efficiently infect cells but, once the infection has taken place, requires a helpervirus to provide the missing proteins...
Virusoids are essentially viroids that have been encapsulated by a helpervirus coat protein. They are thus similar to viroids in their means of replication...
Mimivirus-dependent virus Zamilon, or Zamilon, is a virophage, a group of small DNA viruses that infect protists and require a helpervirus to replicate; they...
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals...
group-specific antigen helical helper dependent virushelpervirus Any virus which aids or allows the replication of a coinfecting virus that is incapable of replicating...
tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus with betasatellites, results in enhanced level of helpervirus components and antagonistic...
"infected" with a computer virus, a metaphor derived from biological viruses. Computer viruses generally require a host program. The virus writes its own code...
oncogenic or transforming retroviruses are capable of replication without a helpervirus, making non-defective strains of RSV quite unique. The RSV genome has...
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. Infection...
Macro, from type species host Macrobrachium rosenbergii and no, from helpervirus nodavirus. The family name, Sarthroviridae, is a combination of S, from...
VirusTotal is a website created by the Spanish security company Hispasec Sistemas. Launched in June 2004, it was acquired by Google in September 2012...
single-stranded DNA family of satellite viruses that depend on the presence of another virus (helperviruses) to replicate their genomes. As such, they...
advisory organizations and developers of anti-virus software compile and publish lists of viruses. When a new virus appears, the rush begins to identify and...
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency...
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