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Injection lipolysis is a controversial cosmetic procedure in which drug mixtures are injected into patients with the goal of destroying fat cells. This practice, using drugs generally based on phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholate (PCDC), evolved from the initial intravenous use of those drug formulations to treat blood disorders.[1][2]
While no placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated the safety or efficacy of this therapy, numerous retrospective studies of Lipostabil injections have reported the efficacy of this practice.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The mixture is injected directly into the subcutaneous fat through multiple microinjections administered over multiple treatment sessions. The desired result is the removal of localized fat deposits.[2]
^ abcDuncan, D.I.; Hasengschwandtner, F (2005). "Lipodissolve for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction and Skin Retraction". Aesthet Surg J. 25 (Pt 5): 530–543. doi:10.1016/j.asj.2005.07.009. PMID 19338857.
^Rotunda, A.M., M.M. Avram, and Avram, A.S. (2005). "Cellulite: Is there a role for injectables?". Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy. 7 (3–4): 147–54. doi:10.1080/14764170500430234. PMID 16414902. S2CID 40625377.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Ablon G, Rotunda, AM. (2004). "Treatment of lower eyelid fat pads using phosphatidylcholine: clinical trial and review". Dermatologic Surgery. 30 (3): 422–7. doi:10.1097/00042728-200403000-00020. PMID 15008874.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Hexsel, D., Serra, M., Mazzuco, R. (2003). "Phosphatidylcholine in the treatment of localized fat". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 2 (5): 511–8. PMID 14558399.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Rotunda, A.M., G. Ablon, and M.S. Kolodney (2005). "Lipomas treated with subcutaneous deoxycholate injections". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 53 (6): 973–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.068. PMID 16310057.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Rotunda, A.M.; M.S. Kolodney (2006). "Mesotherapy and Phosphatidylcholine Injections: Historical Clarification and Review". Dermatologic Surgery. 32 (4): 465–480. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.506.2372. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32100.x. PMID 16681654. S2CID 9994696.
^Bechara, F.G., Sand, M., Hoffmann, K., Sand, D., Altmeyer, P., and Stucker, M. (2007). "Fat tissue after lipolysis of lipomas: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 34 (7): 552–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00651.x. PMID 17576334. S2CID 39429064.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Bechara, F.G., Sand, M., Altmeyer, P., and Hoffmann, K. (2006). "Intralesional lipolysis with phosphatidylcholine for the treatment of lipomas: pilot study". Arch Dermatol. 142 (8): 1069–70. doi:10.1001/archderm.142.8.1069-b. PMID 16924064.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Bechara, F.G., Sand, M., Sand, D., Rotterdam, S., Stucker, M., Altmeyer, P., and Hoffmann, K. (2006). "Lipolysis of lipomas in patients with familial multiple lipomatosis: an ultrasonography-controlled trial". Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 10 (4): 155–9. doi:10.2310/7750.2006.00040. PMID 17234112. S2CID 45970041.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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activates lipoprotein lipase and reduces apoprotein CIII, which increases lipolysis and elimination of triglyceride-rich particles from plasma. PPARα also...
activation stimulated lipolysis (see next section on Ketogenesis and ketoacidosis). FFAR2 appears to have very different effects on lipolysis in mice depending...
insulin also leads to the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue (lipolysis), which the liver converts into acetyl CoA through a process called beta...
deoxycholate mixed with phosphatidylcholine, is used in mesotherapy injections to produce lipolysis, and has been used as an alternative to surgical excision in...
triglycerides) from fatty acids; decrease of insulin causes the reverse. Decreased lipolysis in – forces reduction in conversion of fat cell lipid stores into blood...
of bone Increases muscle mass through sarcomere hypertrophy Promotes lipolysis Increases protein synthesis Stimulates the growth of all internal organs...
are not effective. It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin. Common side effects include...
sugar by inducing gluconeogenesis (glucose production) in the liver, lipolysis (fat breakdown) in adipose tissue, and proteolysis (muscle breakdown)...
monophosphate (cAMP) which in turn promotes catecholamine stimulation of lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis, and induces release of epinephrine...
it inhibited stimulus-induced lipolysis. However, succinate did not effectively inhibit isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis in mouse fat tissues that lacked...
liver, but a hepatectomized animal shows no signs of TEF and intravenous injection of amino acids results in an effect equal to that of oral ingestion of...
decreased fat accumulation due to epinephrine/ norepinephrine then acting on lipolysis-inducing beta receptors. Males typically have more skeletal muscle mass...
Stimulation of fat breakdown in adipose tissue: The fatty acids released by lipolysis are used for production of energy in tissues like muscle, and the released...
in the liver and skeletal muscle. Stimulation of β3 receptors induces lipolysis. Beta blockers inhibit these normal epinephrine- and norepinephrine-mediated...
in glucose uptake. In adipose tissue (i.e., fat cells), an increase in lipolysis, that is, conversion of fat to substances that can be used directly as...
angiotensin II, increasing the blood volume. Moreover, it encourages lipolysis in adipose tissue. Beta-1 blocker blocks the beta-1 receptor and stops...
alcohol prevents disease progression. Defects in the adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis and accumulation of embryological brown fat have also been reported. Earlier...
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