A knockout rat is a genetically engineered rat with a single gene turned off through a targeted mutation (gene trapping) used for academic and pharmaceutical research. Knockout rats can mimic human diseases and are important tools for studying gene function (functional genomics) and for drug discovery and development. The production of knockout rats was not economically or technically feasible until 2008.[1][2][3][4]
Technology developed through funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and work accomplished by the members of the Knock Out Rat Consortium (KORC) led to cost-effective methods to create knockout rats. The importance of developing the rat as a more versatile tool for human health research is evidenced by the $120 million investment made by the NIH via the Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium, resulting in the draft sequence of a laboratory strain of the brown or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus).[5] Additional developments with zinc finger nuclease technology in 2009 led to the first knockout rat with targeted, germline-transmitted mutations.[6] Knockout rat disease models for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, hypertension, and diabetes using zinc-finger nuclease technology are being commercialized by SAGE Labs.[7][8]
^Abbott A: Laboratory animals: the Renaissance rat. Nature 2004, 428:464-466.
^Zhou Q, Renard JP, Le Friec G, Brochard V, Beaujean N, Cherifi Y, Fraichard A, Cozzi J: Generation of fertile cloned rats by regulating oocyte activation. Science 2003, 302:1179.
^Kitada K, Ishishita S, Tosaka K, Takahashi R, Ueda M, Keng VW, Horie K, Takeda J: Transposon-tagged mutagenesis in the rat. Nat Methods 2007, 4:131-133.
^Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium, Genome sequence of the brown rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature, 2004. 428(6982): p. 493-521.
^Guerts, A.M., et. al, Knockout Rats via Embryo Microinjection of Zinc-Finger Nucleases. Science. Vol 325: 433 (24 July 2009) Geurts, A. M.; Cost, G. J.; Freyvert, Y.; Zeitler, B.; Miller, J. C.; Choi, V. M.; Jenkins, S. S.; Wood, A.; Cui, X.; Meng, X.; Vincent, A.; Lam, S.; Michalkiewicz, M.; Schilling, R.; Foeckler, J.; Kalloway, S.; Weiler, H.; Menoret, S.; Anegon, I.; Davis, G. D.; Zhang, L.; Rebar, E. J.; Gregory, P. D.; Urnov, F. D.; Jacob, H. J.; Buelow, R. (2009). "Knockout Rats via Embryo Microinjection of Zinc-Finger Nucleases". Science. 325 (5939): 433. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..433G. doi:10.1126/science.1172447. PMC 2831805. PMID 19628861.
^Wiecek, Andrew. "Year of the rat", BioTechniques, 2009-10-01.
^"Sigma-Aldrich develops Parkinson's disease models" Archived 2009-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, LaboratoryTalk
A knockoutrat is a genetically engineered rat with a single gene turned off through a targeted mutation (gene trapping) used for academic and pharmaceutical...
via the Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium, and work accomplished by the members of the Knock Out Rat Consortium (KORC). Knockoutrat disease models...
of the rat genome sequence, and other advances, such as the creation of a rat SNP chip, and the production of knockout rats, the laboratory rat has become...
The Rat Genome Database (RGD) is a database of rat genomics, genetics, physiology and functional data, as well as data for comparative genomics between...
Brattleboro rat was an early and naturally occurring precursor of the knockoutrat. Laboratory rat Diabetes insipidus Amy Iadarola, "The Brattleboro Rat: Helping...
database History of animal testing History of model organisms In vivo Knockoutrat Mouse models of colorectal and intestinal cancer Chakraborty C, Hsu CH...
oscillations has been observed in the auditory cortex of FXS patients. The FMR1 knockoutrat model of FXS exhibits an increased ratio of slow (~25–50 Hz) to fast...
("knocking in"), specific mutations of interest. Previously used to engineer rat cell models, advances in gene targeting technologies enable a new wave of...
PEPCK-C enzyme, which is present mainly in the liver and kidneys. A knockoutrat is a rat with a single gene disruption used for academic and pharmaceutical...
common name includes the term mouse if it is smaller, or rat if it is larger. The common terms rat and mouse are not taxonomically specific. Typical mice...
Soviets. Slovene: Aprilska vojna, Serbian: Априлски рат, Aprilski rat, Croatian: Travanjski rat German: Unternehmen 25 or Projekt 25 Yugoslavia and the Allies...
for his performance. Taran Adarsh wrote, "the actor delivers yet another knockout performance. He dominates in several sequences, making you realize that...
(1998). "On the degradability and exocytosis of ceroid/lipofuscin in cultured rat cardiac myocytes". Mech Ageing Dev. 100 (2): 145–156. doi:10.1016/S0047-6374(97)00129-2...
several rat brain regions (hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis). Recent research on dynorphin knockout mice did...
bluegrass legend. 238 7 "Rat Rod Rolls" January 22, 2018 (2018-01-22) 18.07 With a jam-packed farmhouse, killer barn, and rare rat rod Rolls-Royce, a massive...
relationship advice throughout the United States. Leggero currently hosts Rat in the Kitchen on TBS, which premiered on March 31, 2022. Her first book...
are presented as resulting in a knockout, mirroring legitimate martial arts and concluding with a technical knockout or technical submission. To determine...
aging"). The records (in years) are these: for common house mouse, 4 for Brown rat, 3.8 for dogs, 29 (See List of oldest dogs) for cats, 38 (See List of oldest...
Tunbridge Wells, Aylesbury and Malvern. In 2019, Pollard starred as Queen Rat in Dick Whittington in Wolverhampton, alongside her Hi-de-Hi! co star Jeffrey...
Pranzatelli, Michael R. (1989). "Benzodiazepine-induced shaking behavior in the rat: Structure-activity and relation to serotonin and benzodiazepine receptors"...
proconvulsant effects of tramadol, its enantiomers and its M1 metabolite in the rat kindling model of epilepsy". British Journal of Pharmacology. 131 (2): 203–212...
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