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Medical condition
Kernicterus
Brain MRI. Hyperintense basal ganglia lesions on T2-weighted images.
Specialty
Psychiatry, Neurology, Pediatrics
Diagnostic method
physical examination of moro reflex
Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced brain dysfunction.[1] The term was coined in 1904 by Christian Georg Schmorl. Bilirubin is a naturally occurring substance in the body of humans and many other animals, but it is neurotoxic when its concentration in the blood is too high, a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia. Hyperbilirubinemia may cause bilirubin to accumulate in the grey matter of the central nervous system, potentially causing irreversible neurological damage. Depending on the level of exposure, the effects range from clinically unnoticeable to severe brain damage and even death.
When hyperbilirubinemia increases past a mild level, it leads to jaundice, raising the risk of progressing to kernicterus. When this happens in adults, it is usually because of liver problems. Newborns are especially vulnerable to hyperbilirubinemia-induced neurological damage, because in the earliest days of life, the still-developing liver is heavily exercised by the breakdown of fetal hemoglobin as it is replaced with adult hemoglobin and the blood–brain barrier is not as developed. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels are common in newborns, and neonatal jaundice is not unusual, but bilirubin levels must be carefully monitored in case they start to climb, in which case more aggressive therapy is needed, usually via light therapy but sometimes even via exchange transfusion.
^"What are Jaundice and Kernicterus? | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
occurring together especially increases the risk for kernicterus. In neonates with kernicterus, the Moro reflex may be absent or symmetrically reduced...
will lead to other complications such as kernicterus. Chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as kernicterus, is a brain-damaging complication associated...
(kernicterus). Quick and accurate treatment of neonatal jaundice helps to reduce the risk of neonates developing kernicterus. Infants with kernicterus...
treating toxoplasmosis) as they increase unconjugated bilirubin leading to kernicterus. Drugs such as protease inhibitors like Indinavir can also cause disorders...
possibility of the neonate developing acute or chronic kernicterus, however the risk of kernicterus in HDN is higher because of the rapid and massive destruction...
bilirubin levels are very high, brain damage — kernicterus — may occur leading to significant disability. Kernicterus is associated with increased unconjugated...
nervous system to impart damage. This is termed kernicterus, or bilirubin encephalopathy. Kernicterus is rare in adults but is prevalent in newborns with...
nerve disease. The Moro reflex is impaired or absent in infants with kernicterus. An exaggerated Moro reflex can be seen in infants with severe brain...
levels of free bilirubin in the blood, resulting in brain damage or kernicterus. If left untreated, possible bleeding, renal (kidney) and/or hepatic...
syndrome, phenylketonuria, and Huntington disease and can be a feature of kernicterus (rapidly increasing unconjugated bilirubin that cross the blood-brain-barrier...
an Italian hepatologist best known for his studies on bilirubin and Kernicterus, a bilirubin-induced neurological condition. Born in Venice in 1946,...
or porphyria. If used during pregnancy, it may increase the risk of kernicterus in the baby. While the company that makes it does not recommend use during...
Opisthotonus in the neonate may be a symptom of meningitis, tetanus, severe kernicterus, or the rare maple syrup urine disease. This marked extensor tone can...
ventricle, cystic glioma of the third ventricle, herpes encephalitis, kernicterus and juvenile Parkinson's disease. Patients with procyclidine addiction...
(hyperbilirubinemia). High levels of bilirubin can cause brain damage (kernicterus), leading to cerebral palsy, auditory neuropathy, gaze abnormalities...
which causes digestive problems. It can also cause some kernicterus and petechiae. Kernicterus causes yellow pigmentation of the skin, brain damage, and...
in the range of 51-86 µmol/L (3-5 mg/dL). Although the incidence of kernicterus in CN-II is low, instances have occurred, not only in infants but also...
is not able to handle this amount of bilirubin alone and jaundice or kernicterus (bilirubin deposition in the brain) can develop which may lead to brain...
babies are very high for too long, a type of brain damage, known as kernicterus, may occur. Jaw – The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the...
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