This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (May 2021)
Hemolytic jaundice, also known as prehepatic jaundice, is a type of jaundice arising from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cells, when the byproduct bilirubin is not excreted by the hepatic cells quickly enough.[1] Unless the patient is concurrently affected by hepatic dysfunctions or is experiencing hepatocellular damage, the liver does not contribute to this type of jaundice.[1]
As one of the three categories of jaundice, the most obvious sign of hemolytic jaundice is the discolouration or yellowing of the sclera and the skin of the patient, but additional symptoms may be observed depending on the underlying causes of hemolysis. Hemolytic causes associated with bilirubin overproduction are diverse and include disorders such as sickle cell anemia,[2] hereditary spherocytosis,[3] thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,[4] autoimmune hemolytic anemia,[5] hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity,[6] thalassemia minor,[7] and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias.[8] Pathophysiology of hemolytic jaundice directly involves the metabolism of bilirubin, where overproduction of bilirubin due to hemolysis exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate bilirubin to glucuronic acid.[9]
Diagnosis of hemolytic jaundice is based mainly on visual assessment of the yellowing of the patient's skin and sclera, while the cause of hemolysis must be determined using laboratory tests.[10] Treatment of the condition is specific to the cause of hemolysis, but intense phototherapy and exchange transfusion can be used to help the patient excrete accumulated bilirubin.[11] Complications related to hemolytic jaundice include hyperbilirubinemia and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, which may be deadly without proper treatment.[12][13]
^ abHall J (2015). Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Saunders. ISBN 978-1455770069.
^"Hereditary spherocytosis | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
^Page EE, Kremer Hovinga JA, Terrell DR, Vesely SK, George JN (April 2017). "Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and long-term outcomes from 1995 through 2015". Blood Advances. 1 (10): 590–600. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2017005124. PMC 5728353. PMID 29296701.
^Brodsky RA (August 2019). "Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 381 (7): 647–654. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1900554. PMID 31412178. S2CID 199662490.
^Dausset J, Contu L (1967). "Drug-induced hemolysis". Annual Review of Medicine. 18: 55–70. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.18.020167.000415. PMID 5337612.
^Robinson S, Vanier T, Desforges JF, Schmid R (September 1962). "Jaundice in thalassemia minor: a consequence of "ineffective erythropoiesis"". The New England Journal of Medicine. 267: 523–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM196209132671101. PMID 14492944.
^Kamiya T, Manabe A (October 2010). "Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia". International Journal of Hematology. 92 (3): 432–8. doi:10.1007/s12185-010-0667-9. PMID 20820969. S2CID 71018193.
^Billing BH (June 1978). "Twenty-five years of progress in bilirubin metabolism (1952-77)". Gut. 19 (6): 481–91. doi:10.1136/gut.19.6.481. PMC 1412033. PMID 98394.
^Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 22 Related for: Hemolytic jaundice information
Hemolyticjaundice, also known as prehepatic jaundice, is a type of jaundice arising from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cells, when the...
deficiency Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Hemolytic–uremic syndrome Severe malaria (in endemic countries) Hepatic jaundice is caused by abnormal liver...
Other blood type mismatches causing hemolytic disease of the newborn Breastfeeding jaundice Breast milk jaundice Cephalohematoma Polycythemia Urinary...
leads to jaundice and increases the risk of particular long-term complications, such as gallstones and pulmonary hypertension. Symptoms of hemolytic anemia...
rate of red blood cell destruction leading to anemia, jaundice, and reticulocytosis. Hemolytic crises are a major concern with sickle-cell disease and...
hyperbilirubinemia in the first week of their lives. In jaundice owing to hemolysis (prehepatic, or hemolytic, jaundice), the pathophysiology is that overproduction...
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition...
benign, autosomal recessive bilirubin disorder characterized by non-hemolyticjaundice due to the chronic elevation of predominantly conjugated bilirubin...
Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup is associated with jaundice and elevated bilirubin levels. Hemolytic anemia contributes to jaundice. A feature of leptospirosis is acute...
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a type of adverse reaction to a blood transfusion. DHTR is the later-onset manifestation of hemolytic transfusion...
disease, or rhesus incompatibility, and blue baby disease) is a type of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). HDFN due to anti-D antibodies...
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a congenital hemolytic disorder wherein a genetic mutation coding for a structural membrane protein phenotype causes...
urine. Urine urobilinogen is increased in liver disease and hemolyticjaundice (jaundice due to increased destruction of red blood cells); in the latter...
obstruction. Low urine urobilinogen may result from complete obstructive jaundice or treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, which destroy the intestinal...
for the yellow color of healing bruises and the yellow discoloration in jaundice. The bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase is responsible for the breakdown...
can be involved in hemolytic transfusion reactions and antibodies to the Rh(D) and Rh antigens confer significant risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn...
patients usually present with acute onset of hemolytic anemia with fatigue, exercise intolerance, pallor, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria, preceded by exposure...
proximity fuse. A. B. Rotor, L. Manahan, A. Florentin: "Familial non-hemolyticjaundice with direct van den Bergh reaction." Acta Medica Philippina, Manila...
Haemolytic jaundice is the commonest cause of pathological jaundice. Those babies with Rh hemolytic disease, ABO incompatibility with the mother, Glucose-6-phosphate...
Reduced kidney function Hemolytic anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia). TTP, as with other microangiopathic hemolytic anemias (MAHAs), is caused...
koilonychia (in iron deficiency), jaundice (when anemia results from abnormal break down of red blood cells – in hemolytic anemia), nerve cell damage (vitamin...
present along with jaundice. The patient may experience many symptoms, including weight loss, poor appetite, and lethargy; jaundice and bruising may also...
Global Information