Sampling of amniotic fluid done mainly to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis
Other names
Amniotic fluid test (AFT)
ICD-9-CM
75.1
MeSH
D000649
MedlinePlus
003921
[edit on Wikidata]
Tubes filled with amniotic fluid for Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used primarily in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions.[1] It has other uses such as in the assessment of infection and fetal lung maturity.[2] Prenatal diagnostic testing, which includes amniocentesis, is necessary to conclusively diagnose the majority of genetic disorders, with amniocentesis being the gold-standard procedure after 15 weeks' gestation.[3]
In this procedure, a thin needle is inserted into the abdomen of the pregnant woman.[4] The needle punctures the amnion, which is the membrane that surrounds the developing fetus.[4] The fluid within the amnion is called amniotic fluid, and because this fluid surrounds the developing fetus, it contains fetal cells.[4] The amniotic fluid is sampled and analyzed via methods such as karyotyping and DNA analysis technology for genetic abnormalities.[1]
An amniocentesis is typically performed in the second trimester between the 15th and 20th week of gestation.[5] Women who choose to have this test are primarily those at increased risk for genetic and chromosomal problems, in part because the test is invasive and carries a small risk of pregnancy loss.[5] However, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that all women be offered prenatal assessment for aneuploidy, or the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes, by either genetic screening or diagnostic testing independent of maternal age or risk factors.[5] There are relative contraindications to performing an amniocentesis, however no absolute contraindications have been identified.[1]
Physicians have used the process of inserting a needle transabdominally into the uterus to extract amniotic fluid for the management of hydramnios, or excess amniotic fluid, as early as the late 1800s.[6][7]
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^Cite error: The named reference Woo_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
testing, which includes amniocentesis, is necessary to conclusively diagnose the majority of genetic disorders, with amniocentesis being the gold-standard...
and blood pressure measurement. Common diagnosis procedures include amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. In some cases, the tests are administered...
is not harmed. Amniocentesis is a low risk procedure, with risk of pregnancy loss between 1 in 1,500 – 1 in 700 procedures. Amniocentesis can be performed...
and tested. Amniocentesis is very accurate; however, there is a risk of miscarriage which occur in 0.5–1% of women who have amniocentesis. Results take...
either before or after a child is born. Before birth, if a blood test or amniocentesis finds a high level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), there is a higher risk...
the embryo after about a month and eventually fuses with the amnion. Amniocentesis is a medical procedure where fluid from the sac is sampled during fetal...
can increase suspicion for the condition, which can be confirmed by amniocentesis. Treatment is supportive. After having one child with the condition...
possible to diagnose prenatally with amniocentesis, but it may not show a correct negative result. Amniocentesis can only diagnose anophthalmia when there...
of bleeding anytime during the pregnancy Invasive procedures (e.g. amniocentesis) Nutritional deficits Cervical insufficiency: having a short or prematurely...
PCR. CVS usually takes place at 10–12 weeks' gestation, earlier than amniocentesis or percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling. It is the preferred technique...
and salmonella is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are procedures conducted to assess...
rate. None can be definitive, thus if screening is positive, either amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling is required to confirm the diagnosis. When...
fluid around the fetus (amniocentesis). However, chorionic villus sampling has a risk of fetal death of one in 100 and amniocentesis of one in 200; a recent...
has a chromosomal abnormality was to have an invasive test such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, but such tests carry a risk of causing...
Quad screen), may be grounds for a prenatal diagnostic test such as an amniocentesis to rule out Down syndrome. Babies with unresolved pyelectasis may experience...
methods of extracting fetal DNA are chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis (AMC). These invasive procedures can be conducted on both RhD+ and RhD-...
trisomy X are diagnosed before birth via prenatal screening tests such as amniocentesis. Research on females with the disorder finds that cases which were diagnosed...
procedures to receive a definitive diagnosis, often prenatal diagnosis via amniocentesis, although the stronger screening option of cell-free fetal DNA screening...
which involve inserting probes or needles into the uterus such as in amniocentesis. Not all genetic disorders directly result in death; however, there...
paternal and maternal smoking, maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, amniocentesis, and the use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Many...
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