The internal globus pallidus (GPi or medial globus pallidus; in rodents its homologue is known as the entopeduncular nucleus) and the external globus pallidus (GPe) make up the globus pallidus. The GPi is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (the other being the substantia nigra pars reticulata). The GABAergic neurons of the GPi send their axons to the ventral anterior nucleus (VA) and the ventral lateral nucleus (VL) in the dorsal thalamus, to the centromedian complex, and to the pedunculopontine complex.[1][2]
The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa and lenticular fasciculus, then crosses the internal capsule within and in parallel to the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus and constitutes the field H2 of Forel, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form field H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals.[3]
The internal globus pallidus contains GABAergic neurons, which allow for its inhibitory function. As the GPi, along with the substantia nigra pars reticulata, forms the output of the basal ganglia, these neurons extend to the thalamus, the centromedian complex and the pedunculopontine complex.[4]
^Nauta WJ, Mehler WR (January 1966). "Projections of the lentiform nucleus in the monkey". Brain Res. 1 (1): 3–42. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(66)90103-X. PMID 4956247.
^Percheron G, François C, Talbi B, Meder JF, Fenelon G, Yelnik J (1993). "The primate motor thalamus analysed with reference to subcortical afferent territories". Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 60 (1–3): 32–41. doi:10.1159/000100588. PMID 8511432.
^Yelnik J, François C, Percheron G, Tandé D (April 1996). "A spatial and quantitative study of the striatopallidal connection in the monkey". NeuroReport. 7 (5): 985–988. doi:10.1097/00001756-199604100-00006. PMID 8804036. S2CID 25425297.
^Schroll, Henning; Hamker, Fred H. (2013-01-01). "Computational models of basal-ganglia pathway functions: focus on functional neuroanatomy". Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 7: 122. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00122. PMC 3874581. PMID 24416002.
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part of the pars reticulata. The (SNpr) and the internalglobuspallidus (GPi) are separated by the internal capsule. The pars reticulata bears a strong structural...
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ganglia, in which the ventral pallidum is involved. It (and the internalglobuspallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata) receives input from the temporal...
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originate in the neostriatum. The direct pathway projects to the internalglobuspallidus (GPi) and to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). These...
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