The ideology of the Iranian Revolution has been called a "complex combination" of Pan-Islamism, political populism, and Shia Islamic "religious radicalism";[1] "a struggle against paganism, oppression, and empire.[2]
Perhaps the most important of the diverse ideological interpretation of Islam within the grand alliance that led to the 1979 revolution were Khomeinism, Ali Shariati’s Islamic-left ideology,[3] Mehdi Bazargan’s liberal-democratic Islam. Less powerful were the socialist guerrilla groups of Islamic and secular variants, and the secular constitutionalism in socialist and nationalist forms.[4] Contributors to the ideology also included Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, who formulated the idea of Gharbzadegi—that Western culture must be rejected and fought as was a plague or an intoxication that alienated Muslims from their roots and identity.[5]
The slogan chanted by demonstrators—"Independence, Freedom, and Islamic Republic" (Estiqlal, Azadi, Jomhuri-ye Eslami!)[6]
— has been called the "pivotal yet broad demand" of the revolutionaries.[7] Revolutionaries railed against corruption, extravagance and autocratic nature of Pahlavi rule;[8] policies that helped the rich at the expense of the poor; and the economic and cultural domination/exploitation of Iran by non-Muslim foreigners—particularly Americans.[9]
^Abrahamian, Ervand, A History of Modern Iran, 2008, p.143
^Bernard Lewis|Islamic Revolution
^Keddie, Modern Iran, (2003) p.201-7
^"Iran Analysis Quarterly Volume 1 No". Archived from the original on 2021-09-14. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
^Mackay, Iranians (1996) pp. 215, 264–5.
^Islamism and education in modern Iran, with special reference to gendered social interactions and relationships Archived 2012-04-06 at the Wayback Machine, H Godazgar:498.
^Iran: a green wave for life and liberty, Asef Bayat, 7 - 07 - 2009 Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine accessed 14-July-2009
^Abrahamian Iran, (1982) p.478-9
^Graham, Iran (1980), p.233-4
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