Global InformationIslamic Revolutionary Guard Corps information
| Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps | |
|---|---|
| سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی | |
 Seal of IRGC | |
  Ceremonial flags | |
| Motto | وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ [Quran 8:60] "Prepare against them whatever you are able of power." (heraldic slogan) |
| Founded | May 1979 (established)[1] |
| Service branches |
|
| Headquarters | Tehran, Iran |
| Website | sepahnews |
| Leadership | |
| Commander-in-Chief | Maj. Gen. Hossein Salami |
| Deputy Commander-in-Chief | Cdre Ali Fadavi |
| Personnel | |
| Conscription | ≈50,000 (2019), recruited mostly from active members of Basij[2] |
| Active personnel | ≈210,000 (2022)[3] ≈60,000 paramilitary forces (2022)[3] |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | $6.96 billion (2020)[4] |
| Related articles | |
| History | Iran–Iraq War 1979 Kurdish rebellion Lebanese Civil War 2001 uprising in Herat Balochistan conflict 2006 Lebanon War Iran–PJAK conflict Syrian Civil War War in Iraq (2013–2017) |
| Ranks | Rank insignia of the Iranian military |
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; Persian: سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی Sepāh-e Pāsdārān-e Enqelâb-e Eslâmī, lit. 'Army of Guardians of the Islamic Revolution'), also called Sepah or Pasdaran, is a multi-service primary branch of the Iranian Armed Forces. It was officially established by Ruhollah Khomeini as a military branch in May 1979, in the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution.[1][5] Whereas the Iranian Army protects the country's sovereignty in a traditional capacity, the IRGC's constitutional mandate is to ensure the integrity of the Islamic Republic.[6] Most interpretations of this mandate assert that it entrusts the IRGC with preventing foreign interference in Iran, thwarting coups by the traditional military, and crushing "deviant movements" that harm the ideological legacy of the Islamic Revolution.[7] Currently, the IRGC is designated as a terrorist organization by Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the United States.[8][9]
As of 2011[update], the IRGC had at least 250,000 total personnel. The IRGC Navy is now Iran's primary force exercising operational control over the Persian Gulf.[10] The IRGC's Basij, a paramilitary volunteer militia, has about 90,000 active personnel.[11][12] It operates a media arm, known as "Sepah News" within Iran.[13] On 16 March 2022, it adopted a new independent branch called the "Command for the Protection and Security of Nuclear Centres" involved with Iran's nuclear programme.[14]
Originating as an ideological militia, the IRGC has taken a greater role in nearly every aspect of Iranian politics and society. Reuters opined in 2019 that "It is also an industrial empire with political clout";[15] the branch's expanded social, political, military, and economic role under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad—especially during the 2009 presidential election and the suppression of post-election protests—has led many Western analysts to argue that it has surpassed even the country's Shia Islamic clerical system in terms of political power.[16][17][18][19]
Since 2019, Hossein Salami has served as the IRGC's incumbent commander-in-chief.[20][15]
- ^ a b Abedin, Mahan (2011). "Iran's Revolutionary Guards: Ideological But Not Praetorian". Strategic Analysis. 35 (3): 381–385. doi:10.1080/09700161.2011.559965. S2CID 153976967.
- ^ Golkar, Saeid (February 2019), The Supreme Leader and the Guard: Civil-Military Relations and Regime Survival in Iran (PDF) (Policy Watch), The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, p. 3, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2020, retrieved 23 August 2020
- ^ a b The International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) (2020). "Middle East and North Africa". The Military Balance 2020. Vol. 120. Routledge. pp. 348–352. doi:10.1080/04597222.2020.1707968. ISBN 9780367466398. S2CID 219624897.
- ^ Rome, Henry (17 June 2020), "Iran's Defense Spending", The Iran Primer, The United States Institute for Peace
- ^ IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187
- ^ "Profile: Iran's Revolutionary Guards" Archived 27 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. 18 October 2009.
- ^ Morris M Mottale. "The birth of a new class – Focus". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
- ^ Nicole Gaouette (8 April 2019). "Trump designates elite Iranian military force as a terrorist organization". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ "Saudi, Bahrain add Iran's IRGC to terror lists – SPA". euronews. 23 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ "The Consequences of a Strike on Iran: The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy" GlobalBearings.net, 15 December 2011.
- ^ Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Columbia University Press, 2008 pp. 175–76
- ^ Aryan, Hossein (5 February 2009). "Iran's Basij Force – The Mainstay of Domestic Security. 15 January 2009". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFERL. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ "Picture imperfect" Archived 12 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine 9 March 2013 The Economist
- ^ "برای حفاظت از تاسیسات هستهای ایران، 'فرماندهی سپاه هستهای' تشکیل شده است" [In order to protect Iran's nuclear facilities, the "Nuclear Corps Command" has been established]. 15 March 2022.
- ^ a b Hafezi, Parisa (21 April 2019). "Khamenei names new chief for Iran's Revolutionary Guards". Reuters.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
NYT20090721was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Arrests at new Iranian protests". BBC News. 21 July 2009. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
- ^ "Crisis as Opportunity for the IRGC". Stratfor. 27 July 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
- ^ Abdo, Geneive (7 October 2009). "The Rise of the Iranian Dictatorship". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
- ^ Gladstone, Rick (21 April 2019). "Iran's Supreme Leader Replaces Head of Revolutionary Guards". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.