2,000 to 10,000[1]–15,000[2] (MEK); 3,000 (Paykar);[2] 5,000 (Fedai factions in total);[1][2] 10,000 to 25,000[1]–30,000[2] (KDPI), 5,000 (Komolah)[2]
Casualties and losses
3,000 servicemen (conservative estimate)[1]
1,000 estimated KIA (MEK);[1] 4,000 estimated KIA (KDPI)[1]
10,000 estimated KIA (total)[1] not including Iran–Iraq War
^ abAbulhassan Banisadr was President of Iran until June 1981, thus a member of the ruling group. After he was deposed by the Islamic Republican Party-dominated parliament, he went exile, fighting against the system.
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Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
Kurdistan
Khuzestan
Khorasan
Azerbaijan
Baluchistan
Tehran
U.S. Embassy
Nojeh coup plot
Amol uprising
Iran–Iraq War
Following the Iranian Revolution, which overthrew the Shah of Iran, in February 1979, Iran was in a "revolutionary crisis mode" from this time until 1982[3] or 1983[4] when forces loyal to the revolution's leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, consolidated power.
During this period, Iran's economy and the apparatus of government collapsed; its military and security forces were in disarray.
Rebellions by Marxist guerrillas and federalist parties against Islamist forces in Khuzistan, Kurdistan, and Gonbad-e Qabus started in April 1979, some of them taking more than a year to suppress. Concern about breakdown of order was sufficiently high to prompt discussion by the US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski over the danger of a Soviet invasion/incursion (the USSR sharing a border with Iran) and whether the US should be prepared to counter it.[5]
By 1983, Khomeini and his supporters had crushed the rival factions and consolidated power. Elements that played a part in both the crisis and its end were the Iran hostage crisis, the invasion of Iran by Saddam Hussein's Iraq, and the presidency of Abolhassan Banisadr.[3][4]
^ abcdefghijkJeffrey S. Dixon; Meredith Reid Sarkees (2015). "INTRA-STATE WAR #816: Anti-Khomeini Coalition War of 1979 to 1983". A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816-2014. SAGE Publications. pp. 384–386. ISBN 978-1-5063-1798-4.
^ abcdeRazoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press. Appendix E: Armed Opposition. ISBN 9780674915718.
^ abEncyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World, Thomson Gale, 2004, p. 357 (article by Stockdale, Nancy, L. who uses the phrase "revolutionary crisis mode")
^ abKeddie, Modern Iran, (2006), p. 241
^Mehmet Akif Okur, "The American Geopolitical Interests and Turkey on the Eve of the September 12, 1980 Coup" Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CTAD, Vol.11, No.21, p. 210–211
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