Global Information2009 Iranian presidential election protests information
| 2009 Iranian presidential election protests | |||
|---|---|---|---|
      Iranians protesting in Valiasr Square in the capital Tehran | |||
| Date | 13 June 2009 – 7 December 2010[1] | ||
| Location | Iran: Tehran, Abadan, Ahvaz, Arak, Ardabil, Bandar Abbas, Birjand, Bojnord, Borujerd, Dezful, Sari, Babol, Bandar Torkaman, Bushehr, Hamadan, Isfahan, Ilam, Karaj, Kashan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorramshahr, Khoy, Mashhad, Najafabad, Qazvin, Qom, Rasht, Sanandaj, Shahr Kord, Shiraz, Tabriz, Urmia, Yasuj, Yazd, Zabol, Zanjan, Zahedan
By world
United States: Atlanta, Charlotte, Cincinnati, Preston, Iowa, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Irvine, Kansas City, Las Cruces, Las Vegas,[2] Los Angeles, Madison, Miami, Minneapolis, New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Seattle, State College, Tempe, Washington, D.C. Canada: Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Hamilton, London, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver, Waterloo Germany: Berlin, Bochum, Cologne, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, Heidelberg, Münster, Stuttgart[3] Sweden: Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Skellefteå, Karlstad, Sundsvall,[4] Uppsala,[5] Helsingborg,[6] Umeå,[7] Jönköping,[8] Uddevalla,[9] Borås[10] Netherlands: The Hague, Amsterdam, Delft, Leiden, Groningen, Maastricht, Italy: Rome, Milan, Turin, Florence Switzerland: Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich, Bern Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra,[11] Adelaide[12] Spain: Barcelona, Madrid Ukraine: Kyiv,[13] Kharkiv United Kingdom: London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield, Nottingham, Bristol[14] France: Paris, Lyon Belgium: Brussels, Leuven New Zealand: Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Portugal: Lisbon Austria: Vienna, Salzburg[15] Romania: Bucharest[16] Hungary: Budapest[17] Czech Republic: Prague Japan: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya Denmark: Copenhagen, Aarhus Norway: Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Stavanger, Arendal, Kristiansand South Korea: Seoul, Busan, Daegu Armenia: Yerevan Israel: Tel Aviv United Arab Emirates: Dubai Turkey: Istanbul, Ankara[18] Pakistan: Islamabad,[19] Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar Egypt: Cairo[20] Kuwait: Kuwait City[21] Greece: Athens[22] Cyprus: Nicosia[23] Bulgaria: Sofia[24] Azerbaijan: Baku[25] Poland: Warsaw[26] Finland: Helsinki[27] Ireland: Dublin[28] Singapore: Singapore[29] India: Hyderabad[30] Bangladesh: Dhaka[31] Philippines: Manila | ||
| Caused by | Alleged voting fraud and irregularities | ||
| Goals | Election transparency, recall of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from office | ||
| Methods | Demonstrations, riots, civil disobedience, strike actions | ||
| Resulted in | Protests quelled | ||
| Parties | |||
| |||
| Lead figures | |||
| |||
| Casualties and losses | |||
| 36 killed (Iranian Government figure)[32] 72 killed (Opposition figure)[33][34][35] 4,000 arrests[citation needed] | |||
After incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declared victory in the 2009 Iranian presidential election, protests broke out in major cities across Iran in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi.[36] The protests continued until 2010, and were titled the Iranian Green Movement (Persian: جنبش سبز Jonbesh-e Sabz) by their proponents, reflecting Mousavi's campaign theme, and Persian Awakening, Persian Spring or Green Revolution.[37][38][39]
Protests began on the night of 12 June 2009, following the announcement that incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won nearly 63 percent of the vote, despite several reported irregularities. However, all three opposition candidates claimed the votes were manipulated and the election was rigged, with Rezaee and Mousavi lodging official complaints. Mousavi announced he "won't surrender to this manipulation", before lodging an official appeal against the result to the Guardian Council on 14 June.[38] Ayatollah Ali Khamenei ordered an investigation into the claims of electoral fraud and irregularities, as requested by Green Movement leaders.[40][41][42] Ahmadinejad called the election "completely free" and the outcome a "great victory" for Iran, dismissing the protests as akin to little more than "passions after a soccer match".[43]
Due to the sporadic cases of violence present at the protests, the government had the police and paramilitary Basij violently suppress them; protesters were beaten, pepper sprayed, arrested and tortured, and even shot in some cases. The most widely known firearm victim was Neda Agha-Soltan, whose last moments were uploaded to YouTube and broadcast around the world.[44][45][46] Opposition groups also reported thousands more were arrested and tortured in prisons around the country, with former inmates alleging mass rape of men, women, and children by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards in prisons such as Kahrizak and Evin.[47][48] The Iranian government confirmed the deaths of 36 people during the protests,[32] while unconfirmed reports by Mousavi supporters allege at least 72 deaths (over twice as many) in the three months following the election. They claimed relatives of the deceased were forced to sign documents citing death by heart attack or meningitis.[49][50] Iranian authorities closed universities in Tehran, blocked websites, cut off mobile signals[51] and banned rallies.[41]
The creation of the Iranian Green Movement developed during these protests. It was also termed the "Twitter Revolution", due to protesters' reliance on Twitter and other social media to communicate.[52]
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- ^ "București. Peste 150 de cetățeni iranieni au protestat față de alegerea lui Ahmadinejad (VIDEO)" [Bucharest. Over 150 Iranian citizens have protested against the election of Ahmadinejad (VIDEO)]. Antena 3 (in Romanian). 19 June 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
- ^ ""Hol van a szavazatunk?", "Ahmadinezsád nem a mi elnökünk!" – Tüntetés a Stefánián" (in Hungarian). Hírszerző. 15 June 2009. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ^ "Turkey-based Iranian residents during a protest in Ankara". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
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- ^ "An Iranian protester holds an Iranian national flag in front of the Greek parliament". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ^ http://newshopper.sulekha.com/cyprus-iran-protest_photo_864368.htm [permanent dead link] A woman holds a picture showing a woman Neda Agha Soltan lying in a Tehran street moments before she died, during a demonstration outside of Iranian embassy in Nicosia, Cyprus, Tuesday, 23 June 2009, to protest against the outcome of the Presidential elections and post election violence in Iran, Reuters (23 June 2009)
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- ^ "Solidarity with Iran in Warsaw, Thenews.pl (June 22, 2009)". Thenews.pl. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
- ^ 26 June 2009 campaign and demonstrations in Helsinki on YouTube (26 June 2009)
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