Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), or 6-hydroxynorketamine, is a minor metabolite of the anesthetic, dissociative, and antidepressant drug ketamine.[1] It is formed by hydroxylation of the intermediate norketamine, another metabolite of ketamine.[1] As of late 2019, (2R,6R)-HNK is in clinical trials for the treatment of depression.[2]
The major metabolite of ketamine is norketamine (80%).[3] Norketamine is secondarily converted into 4-, 5-, and 6-hydroxynorketamines (15%), mainly HNK (6-hydroxynorketamine).[3] Ketamine is also transformed into hydroxyketamine (5%).[3] As such, bioactivated HNK comprises less than 15% of a dose of ketamine.[3]
^ abMiller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL (24 June 2009). Anesthesia. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 743–. ISBN 978-1-4377-2061-7.
^Cite error: The named reference Hashimoto2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdMion G, Villevieille T (June 2013). "Ketamine pharmacology: an update (pharmacodynamics and molecular aspects, recent findings)". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 19 (6): 370–380. doi:10.1111/cns.12099. PMC 6493357. PMID 23575437.
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Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), or 6-hydroxynorketamine, is a minor metabolite of the anesthetic, dissociative, and antidepressant drug ketamine. It is formed...
antagonist. Norketamine's metabolites, dehydronorketamine (DHNK) and hydroxynorketamine (HNK), are far less or negligibly active as NMDA receptor antagonists...
different glutamate receptor, the AMPA receptor, by a metabolite, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine; as of 2017 it was unknown if this was happening in humans. Arketamine...
(Japanese: Hokuto no Ken) a manga and its franchise Honokiol, a lignan Hydroxynorketamine, a metabolite of ketamine Land of the Lustrous (Japanese: Hōseki no...
enantiomer with a weaker NMDA receptor antagonism, as well as (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, the metabolite with negligible affinity for the NMDA receptor but...
acetylcholine receptor (IC50 = 55 nM). For this reason, similarly to hydroxynorketamine (HNK), it has been hypothesized that DHNK may have the capacity to...
exact mass: 239.0713 u) may refer to: Clomazone Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), or 6-hydroxynorketamine This set index page lists chemical structure articles...
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