Histocompatibility, or tissue compatibility, is the property of having the same, or sufficiently similar, alleles of a set of genes called human leukocyte antigens (HLA), or major histocompatibility complex (MHC).[1] Each individual expresses many unique HLA proteins on the surface of their cells, which signal to the immune system whether a cell is part of the self or an invading organism.[2] T cells recognize foreign HLA molecules and trigger an immune response to destroy the foreign cells.[3] Histocompatibility testing is most relevant for topics related to whole organ, tissue, or stem cell transplants, where the similarity or difference between the donor's HLA alleles and the recipient's triggers the immune system to reject the transplant.[4] The wide variety of potential HLA alleles lead to unique combinations in individuals and make matching difficult.
^"Histocompatibility". Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2012.
^"Human leukocyte antigens". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
^Ingulli E (January 2010). "Mechanism of cellular rejection in transplantation". Pediatric Nephrology. 25 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-1020-x. PMC 2778785. PMID 21476231.
^Kindt TJ, Goldsby RA, Osborne BA, Kuby J (2006). Kurby Immunology. W. H. Freeman & Company. ISBN 978-1-4292-0211-4.
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