A single nucleotide change (SNP) in the coding region of the recipient is polymorphic or different from the amino acid sequence of a donor's T cell. The T cell receptor specific for peptide and MHC molecule; therefore, recognizes the self-peptide bound to the groove of HLA matched gene as foreign and initiates an immune response. The donor's CD8+ T cell targets the recipient’s nucleated cell resulting in graft-versus-host disease.
Minor histocompatibility antigen (also known as MiHA) are peptides presented on the cellular surface of donated organs that are known to give an immunological response in some organ transplants.[1] They cause problems of rejection less frequently than those of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs) are diverse, short segments of proteins and are referred to as peptides. These peptides are normally around 9-12 amino acids in length and are bound to both the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II proteins.[2] Peptide sequences can differ among individuals and these differences arise from SNPs in the coding region of genes, gene deletions, frameshift mutations, or insertions.[3] About a third of the characterized MiHAs come from the Y chromosome.[4] Prior to becoming a short peptide sequence, the proteins expressed by these polymorphic or diverse genes need to be digested in the proteasome into shorter peptides. These endogenous or self peptides are then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum with a peptide transporter pump called TAP where they encounter and bind to the MHC class I molecule. This contrasts with MHC class II molecules's antigens which are peptides derived from phagocytosis/endocytosis and molecular degradation of non-self entities' proteins, usually by antigen-presenting cells. MiHA antigens are either ubiquitously expressed in most tissue like skin and intestines or restrictively expressed in the immune cells.[5]
Minor histocompatibility antigens are due to normal proteins that are in themselves polymorphic in a given population. Even when a transplant donor and recipient are identical with respect to their major histocompatibility complex genes, the amino acid differences in minor proteins can cause the grafted tissue to be slowly rejected.
Several of the identified Autosomally and Y chromosome encoded MiHAs[4]
^Robertson NJ, Chai JG, Millrain M, Scott D, Hashim F, Manktelow E, Lemonnier F, Simpson E, Dyson J (March 2007). "Natural regulation of immunity to minor histocompatibility antigens". Journal of Immunology. 178 (6): 3558–65. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.6.3558. PMID 17339452.
^Dzierzak-Mietla M, Markiewicz M, Siekiera U, Mizia S, Koclega A, Zielinska P, Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka M, Kyrcz-Krzemien S (2012). "Occurrence and Impact of Minor Histocompatibility Antigens' Disparities on Outcomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from HLA-Matched Sibling Donors". Bone Marrow Research. 2012: 257086. doi:10.1155/2012/257086. PMC 3502767. PMID 23193478.
^Linscheid C, Petroff MG (April 2013). "Minor histocompatibility antigens and the maternal immune response to the fetus during pregnancy". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 69 (4): 304–14. doi:10.1111/aji.12075. PMC 4048750. PMID 23398025.
^ abHirayama M, Azuma E, Komada Y (2012). Major and Minor Histocompatibility Antigens to Non-Inherited Maternal Antigens (NIMA), Histocompatibility. INTECH. p. 146. ISBN 978-953-51-0589-3.
^Bleakley M, Riddell SR (March 2011). "Exploiting T cells specific for human minor histocompatibility antigens for therapy of leukemia". Immunology and Cell Biology. 89 (3): 396–407. doi:10.1038/icb.2010.124. PMC 3061548. PMID 21301477.
and 22 Related for: Minor histocompatibility antigen information
Minorhistocompatibilityantigen (also known as MiHA) are peptides presented on the cellular surface of donated organs that are known to give an immunological...
large number of parasite antigens. Antigen-presenting cells present antigens in the form of peptides on histocompatibility molecules. The T cells selectively...
The gene responsible for making H antigen is FUT1, located on the 19th chromosome in humans Histocompatibilityantigen, a major factor in graft rejection...
2019). "The Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex in Organ Transplantation- Donor Specific Anti-Major Histocompatibility Complex Antibodies Analysis...
finger domains. A short peptide derived from this protein is a minorhistocompatibilityantigen which can lead to graft rejection of male donor cells in a...
HMHA1 histocompatibility (minor) HA-1". van Lochem E, van der Keur M, Mommaas AM, et al. (1997). "Functional expression of minorhistocompatibility antigens...
Minorhistocompatibilityantigen H13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HM13 gene. The minorhistocompatibilityantigen 13 is a nonamer peptide...
STT3B gene. The STT3B protein contains a highly immunogenic minorhistocompatibilityantigen epitope of 9 amino acids, B6(dom1). Like ITM1 (MIM 601134)...
professor of transplantation biology, especially regarding minorhistocompatibilityantigen, at Leiden University. Goulmy is an expert in the area of tissue...
appendix and spleen. RESF1 shows characteristics of being a minorhistocompatibilityantigen, as well as tumor suppressor capabilities. The high expression...
PMID 12815422. Zorn E, Miklos DB, Floyd BH, et al. (2004). "Minorhistocompatibilityantigen DBY elicits a coordinated B and T cell response after allogeneic...
SR, Warren EH (2006). "The PANE1 gene encodes a novel human minorhistocompatibilityantigen that is selectively expressed in B-lymphoid cells and B-CLL"...
antigens (small fragments of the pathogen) have been processed and presented in combination with a "self" receptor called a major histocompatibility complex...
have identical alleles. Other non-HLA proteins, known as minorhistocompatibilityantigens, do exist but generally are unable to cause acute rejection...
O, Buus S, Vindelov L (October 2010). "Degree of predicted minorhistocompatibilityantigen mismatch correlates with poorer clinical outcomes in nonmyeloablative...
incompatible chimera, T cells of donor origin can respond to minorhistocompatibilityantigens in association with either donor or host H-2 type". Journal...
PG, Brasseur F, Mensink E, et al. (January 1999). "A human minorhistocompatibilityantigen specific for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia". The Journal...
Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system. Specifically they cause non-specific activation...
cholesterol-responsive ABC transporter ABCA7: tandem linkage with the minorhistocompatibilityantigen HA-1 gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications...
The histocompatibility 60 (H60) was originally identified as a transplant rejection antigen and it is a family of murine cell surface glycoproteins contains...
in that they do not seem to require antigen processing and major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) presentation of peptide epitopes, although some recognize...
Global Information