Molecule which triggers an immune response when attached to a carrier
Haptens (derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten”)[1] are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself. The mechanisms of absence of immune response may vary and involve complex immunological interactions, but can include absent or insufficient co-stimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells.
Haptens have been used to study allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to induce autoimmune-like responses.[2]
The concept of haptens emerged from the work of Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner,[3][4]
who also pioneered the use of synthetic haptens to study immunochemical phenomena.[5]
^Erkes, Dan; Selvan, Senthamil (2014). "Hapten-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune Reactions, and Tumor Regression: Plausibility of Mediating Antitumor Immunity". Journal of Immunology Research. 2014. Hindawi: 1–28. doi:10.1155/2014/175265. PMC 4052058. PMID 24949488.
^Landsteiner, Karl (1945). The Specificity of Serological Reactions. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
^Landsteiner, Karl (1990). The Specificity of Serological Reactions, 2nd Edition, revised. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-66203-9.
^Shreder, Kevin (March 2000). "Synthetic Haptens as Probes of Antibody Response and Immunorecognition". Methods. 20 (3): 372–379. doi:10.1006/meth.1999.0929. PMID 10694458.
Haptens (derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten”) are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier...
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hybridization to mRNA with oligonucleotide and RNA probes (both radio-labeled and hapten-labeled), analysis with light and electron microscopes, whole mount in situ...
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Weizmann Institute of Science Thesis Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of hapten induced conformational changes in immunoglobulins (1978) Academic advisors...
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