Globosides are a sub-class of the lipid class glycosphingolipid[1] with three to nine sugar molecules as the side chain (or R group) of ceramide. The sugars are usually a combination of N-acetylgalactosamine, D-glucose or D-galactose. One characteristic of globosides is that the "core" sugars consists of Glucose-Galactose-Galactose (Ceramide-βGlc4-1βGal4-1αGal), like in the case of the most basic globoside, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3),[2] also known as pk-antigen. Another important characteristic of globosides is that they are neutral at pH 7, because they usually do not contain neuraminic acid, a sugar with an acidic carboxy-group. However, some globosides with the core structure Cer-Glc-Gal-Gal do contain neuraminic acid, e.g. the globo-series glycosphingolipid "SSEA-4-antigen".
The side chain can be cleaved by galactosidases and glucosidases. The deficiency of α-galactosidase A causes Fabry's disease, an inherited metabolic disease characterized by the accumulation of the globoside globotriaosylceramide.[3]
Globoside (GB4) has been known as the receptor for parvovirus B19, due to observations that B19V binds to the thin-layered chromatogram of the structure. However, the binding on its surface does not match well with the virus, which raised debates on whether or not GB4 is the cause for productive infection.[4] Additional research using the technique Knockout Cell Line has shown that although GB4 does not have the direct entry receptor for B19V, it plays a post-entry role in productive infection.[5]
Globoside (Gb4) are a type of SSEA, stage-specific embryonic antigen, that is present in cellular development and tumorous tissues without the mechanism of Gb4 being completely known. However a study has shown Gb4 directly activates the epidermal growth factor receptor through a ERK signaling. When the globo-series glycosphingolipid (GSL) was reduced in the experiment the ERK signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase was also inhibited. The ERK was reactivated with the addition of the Gb4 and henceforth heightened proliferation of tumorous cells and opened up the possibility of testing Gb4 for further studies on potential drugs that can target cancerous cells.[6]
^Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Murphy RC, Nishijima M, Raetz CR, Shimizu T, et al. (April 2009). "Update of the LIPID MAPS comprehensive classification system for lipids". Journal of Lipid Research. 50 (Suppl): S9-14. doi:10.1194/jlr.r800095-jlr200. PMC 2674711. PMID 19098281.
^"Globotriaosylceramide". Lipid Maps.
^Germain DP (2002). "[Fabry's disease (alpha-galactosidase-A deficiency): physiopathology, clinical signs, and genetic aspects]". Journal de la Société de Biologie. 196 (2): 161–173. doi:10.1051/jbio/2002196020161. PMID 12360745. S2CID 87466647.
^Nasir W, Nilsson J, Olofsson S, Bally M, Rydell GE (May 2014). "Parvovirus B19 VLP recognizes globoside in supported lipid bilayers". Virology. 456–457: 364–369. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.004. PMID 24889255.
^Bieri J, Ros C (October 2019). "Globoside Is Dispensable for Parvovirus B19 Entry but Essential at a Postentry Step for Productive Infection". Journal of Virology. 93 (20). doi:10.1128/JVI.00972-19. PMC 6798098. PMID 31341051.
^Park SY, Kwak CY, Shayman JA, Kim JH (July 2012). "Globoside promotes activation of ERK by interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1820 (7): 1141–1148. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.008. PMC 3645941. PMID 22542783.
Globosides are a sub-class of the lipid class glycosphingolipid with three to nine sugar molecules as the side chain (or R group) of ceramide. The sugars...
sugar monomers or dimers, yielding cerebrosides and globosides, respectively. Cerebrosides and globosides are collectively known as glycosphingolipids. The...
membrane components, ganglioside GM2, its derivative GA2, the glycolipid globoside in visceral tissues, and some oligosaccharides. Accumulation of these...
non-enveloped DNA virus. Binding of B19V capsid to the cellular receptor globoside (Gb4Cer) results in a cascade of structural changes and subsequent signal...
Globotriaosylceramide is a globoside. It is also known as CD77, Gb3, GL3, and ceramide trihexoside. It is one of the few clusters of differentiation that...
The GLOB antigen (formerly P) is now the member of the separate GLOB (globoside) blood group system. The P1PK antigens are carbohydrate antigens that...
result of parvovirus infection. In humans, the P antigen (also known as globoside), one of many cellular receptors that contribute to a person's blood type...
15q24.1 027 Ii I Branched (I) / unbranched (i) polysaccharide. 6p24.2 028 Globoside GLOB Glycolipid. Antigen P. 3q26.1 029 GIL GIL Aquaporin 3.[citation needed]...
Globoside alpha-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GBGT1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the histo-blood...
they are a type of ceramide including lactose, which is an example of a globoside. As with many lipids, the chemical formula and molecular weight varies...
and gangliose. Glycosphingolipids include: Cerebrosides Gangliosides Globosides Isoglobotriosylceramide Gangliosides are mainly found in the cell membranes...
release of the mature virions. In humans the P antigen (also known as globoside) is the cellular receptor for parvovirus B19 virus that causes erythema...
groups of gangliosides anionic at pH 7, which distinguishes them from globosides. The name ganglioside was first applied by the German scientist Ernst...
gangliosides have been identified. They are most abundant in nerve cells. Globosides: glycosphingolipids with more than one sugar as part of the carbohydrate...
3-galactosyltransferase V (β3GalT5). β3GalT5 catalyzes the galactosylation of globoside-4 (Gb4) to SSEA3. SSEA3 can then be converted to SSEA4 by sialyltransferase...
significance of antibodies to antigens in the Raph, John Milton Hagen, I, Globoside, Gill, Rh-associated glycoprotein, FORS, JR, LAN, Vel, CD59, and Augustine...
shown to be clinically relevant. Variant PapGII binds preferentially to globoside (GbO4), found abundantly on human kidney epithelial cells. PapGII triggers...
significance of antibodies to antigens in the Raph, John Milton Hagen, I, Globoside, Gill, Rh-associated glycoprotein, FORS, JR, LAN, Vel, CD59, and Augustine...
apparatus membrane Biological process glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process globoside biosynthetic process protein glycosylation plasma membrane organization...
significance of antibodies to antigens in the Raph, John Milton Hagen, I, Globoside, Gill, Rh-associated glycoprotein, FORS, JR, LAN, Vel, CD59, and Augustine...
Global Information
